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英语中,有些行为动词可以用作系动词,后接形容词、分词、不定式或名词作表语。本文拟就这些起系动词作用的行为动词的种种用法归纳如下,以供参考。
一、表示人体感官的动词look,feel,smell,sound,taste描述的是句子的主语而不是动词表现的动作。这类动词后跟形容词,表示人体感官受外界因素的刺激而对主语所表示的人或事物的特征、性质或状态作出的反应、判断或产生的结果。例:
That book looks interesting.
那本书好像十分有趣。
The town always looks deserted on Sunday mornings.
星期天早晨这座城总是显得冷冷清清。
You look very nice in that dress.
你穿这套衣服很好看。
His explanation sounds reasonable.
他的解释听起来有道理。
She sounds just the person we need for the job.
她好像正是我们工作所需要的人选。
The flowers smell sweet.
这些花气味芬芳。
二、appear,seem,look表示“看起来似……”appear强调外表给人某种印象,有时含有实质上并非如此的意思;seem暗示有一定根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;look着重由视觉而得出的印象。这三个动词后面都可用表语appear和seem连用不定式,look在此种意义上只可与to be连用,意思与seem相同。例:
He appears to be your friend but I doubt if he is.
他看起来好像是你的朋友,不过我怀疑。
It appears (to be) a true story.
这故事似乎是真的。
What seems (to be) easy to you seems difficult to me.
对你来说,似乎是挺容易的事;对我来说,却显得很难。
They have sometimes seemed (to be) different.
有时他们看上去是不一样的。
He looks younger than his age.
他的长相显得比实际年轻。
As far as I can tell,he looks to be the right man for the post.
就我所知,他看来是适合这个岗位的。
三、表示变化过程的动词become,get,turn,come,go,grow,run。这类动词后面跟一个表示特征的形容词,表示事物从一种状态向另一种状态的变化或发展。
1.become和turn比get和go更正式,become和get指人的情绪或身体状态暂时的变化或指永久的必然变化。例:
The weather became warmer.
天气变得暖和些。
Leaves turned brown in autumn.
树叶在秋天变黄。
The weather has turned cold and windy.
天气变得寒冷而多风。
The weather is getting colder.
天气越来越冷。
The children went wild with excitement.
孩子们兴奋得发狂。
She’s getting better after her illness.
她病后正逐渐复原。
2.become和get也用于表示天气、社会发展的变化。例:
It’s becoming/getting cold,dark,cloudy.
天变凉了,黑了,阴了。
Divorce is becoming/getting more common.
离婚逐渐变得更平常了。
3.在与有关颜色的词连用时,用go(而不用get)表示“变成”的意思。例:
Leaves go brown.
树叶变红了。
Her hair’s going grey.
她的头发变灰白色了。
People go red,pale or white with anger,blue with cold,green with seasickness or envy,purple with rage.
人们因生气而脸色变红,变得苍白或变得煞白,脸色冻得发青,由于晕船或妒嫉而脸色发青,由于狂怒而脸色发紫。
4.当人或事物的情况变坏时(尤其是这种变化是永久性的或难以扭转的),往往用go来表示,come可以用于某些事物发展结果圆满的词语。例:
The poor man went blind at the age of thirty.
这个可怜人30岁时就失明了。
The milk went sour.
牛奶变酸了。
Fruit goes rotten quickly in hot weather.
水果在热天烂得快。
My dream has come true.
我的梦想实现了。
It’ll all come right in the end.
最后一切都会正常。
5.become后接单数名词作表语时,名词前要用不定冠词a/an,turn后接单数名词作表语时,名词前不用不定冠词。例:
Later he became a doctor.
后来他成了医生。
He turned writer.
他成了作家。
四、表示“延续”意义的动词continue,keep,remain,rest,sit,stand,stay。它们后面跟一个表示状态的形容词,表示这一状态的延续或保持。例:
Circumstances continue (to be) favourable.
情况继续有利。
She has the ability to keep calm in time of danger.
她能在危险时保持镇静。
In spite of their quarrel,they remained the best of friends.
尽管他们吵过架,他们仍然是最好的朋友。
The temperature has stayed hot this week.
本周气温一直都很热。
The valley lay quiet and peaceful in the sun.
山谷在阳光下显得十分宁静。
They stand ready to move at short notice.
他们已准备好,一接到通知就搬迁。
Please keep/stay/hold/sit/stand still while I take your photograph.
我给你拍照时不要动(呆好别动,保持不动坐稳,站定)。
五、动词come,fall,get,prove,turn out后跟一个表示特征的形容词,表示事态发展的最终结果。例:
The buttons on my coat came unfastened.
我大衣上的钮扣松开了。
The children’s rooms fell quiet.
孩子们的房间静下来了。
The task proved (to be) more difficult than we’d thought.
那个任务证明比我们想象得要更困难。
She turned out to be a friend of my sister’s.
她原来是我姐姐的朋友。
get之后可接贬义形容词,表示不妙的结果。例:
How stupid can you get?
你怎么会这么蠢?
She is getting bored and homesick.
她越来越烦,越来越想家。
一、表示人体感官的动词look,feel,smell,sound,taste描述的是句子的主语而不是动词表现的动作。这类动词后跟形容词,表示人体感官受外界因素的刺激而对主语所表示的人或事物的特征、性质或状态作出的反应、判断或产生的结果。例:
That book looks interesting.
那本书好像十分有趣。
The town always looks deserted on Sunday mornings.
星期天早晨这座城总是显得冷冷清清。
You look very nice in that dress.
你穿这套衣服很好看。
His explanation sounds reasonable.
他的解释听起来有道理。
She sounds just the person we need for the job.
她好像正是我们工作所需要的人选。
The flowers smell sweet.
这些花气味芬芳。
二、appear,seem,look表示“看起来似……”appear强调外表给人某种印象,有时含有实质上并非如此的意思;seem暗示有一定根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;look着重由视觉而得出的印象。这三个动词后面都可用表语appear和seem连用不定式,look在此种意义上只可与to be连用,意思与seem相同。例:
He appears to be your friend but I doubt if he is.
他看起来好像是你的朋友,不过我怀疑。
It appears (to be) a true story.
这故事似乎是真的。
What seems (to be) easy to you seems difficult to me.
对你来说,似乎是挺容易的事;对我来说,却显得很难。
They have sometimes seemed (to be) different.
有时他们看上去是不一样的。
He looks younger than his age.
他的长相显得比实际年轻。
As far as I can tell,he looks to be the right man for the post.
就我所知,他看来是适合这个岗位的。
三、表示变化过程的动词become,get,turn,come,go,grow,run。这类动词后面跟一个表示特征的形容词,表示事物从一种状态向另一种状态的变化或发展。
1.become和turn比get和go更正式,become和get指人的情绪或身体状态暂时的变化或指永久的必然变化。例:
The weather became warmer.
天气变得暖和些。
Leaves turned brown in autumn.
树叶在秋天变黄。
The weather has turned cold and windy.
天气变得寒冷而多风。
The weather is getting colder.
天气越来越冷。
The children went wild with excitement.
孩子们兴奋得发狂。
She’s getting better after her illness.
她病后正逐渐复原。
2.become和get也用于表示天气、社会发展的变化。例:
It’s becoming/getting cold,dark,cloudy.
天变凉了,黑了,阴了。
Divorce is becoming/getting more common.
离婚逐渐变得更平常了。
3.在与有关颜色的词连用时,用go(而不用get)表示“变成”的意思。例:
Leaves go brown.
树叶变红了。
Her hair’s going grey.
她的头发变灰白色了。
People go red,pale or white with anger,blue with cold,green with seasickness or envy,purple with rage.
人们因生气而脸色变红,变得苍白或变得煞白,脸色冻得发青,由于晕船或妒嫉而脸色发青,由于狂怒而脸色发紫。
4.当人或事物的情况变坏时(尤其是这种变化是永久性的或难以扭转的),往往用go来表示,come可以用于某些事物发展结果圆满的词语。例:
The poor man went blind at the age of thirty.
这个可怜人30岁时就失明了。
The milk went sour.
牛奶变酸了。
Fruit goes rotten quickly in hot weather.
水果在热天烂得快。
My dream has come true.
我的梦想实现了。
It’ll all come right in the end.
最后一切都会正常。
5.become后接单数名词作表语时,名词前要用不定冠词a/an,turn后接单数名词作表语时,名词前不用不定冠词。例:
Later he became a doctor.
后来他成了医生。
He turned writer.
他成了作家。
四、表示“延续”意义的动词continue,keep,remain,rest,sit,stand,stay。它们后面跟一个表示状态的形容词,表示这一状态的延续或保持。例:
Circumstances continue (to be) favourable.
情况继续有利。
She has the ability to keep calm in time of danger.
她能在危险时保持镇静。
In spite of their quarrel,they remained the best of friends.
尽管他们吵过架,他们仍然是最好的朋友。
The temperature has stayed hot this week.
本周气温一直都很热。
The valley lay quiet and peaceful in the sun.
山谷在阳光下显得十分宁静。
They stand ready to move at short notice.
他们已准备好,一接到通知就搬迁。
Please keep/stay/hold/sit/stand still while I take your photograph.
我给你拍照时不要动(呆好别动,保持不动坐稳,站定)。
五、动词come,fall,get,prove,turn out后跟一个表示特征的形容词,表示事态发展的最终结果。例:
The buttons on my coat came unfastened.
我大衣上的钮扣松开了。
The children’s rooms fell quiet.
孩子们的房间静下来了。
The task proved (to be) more difficult than we’d thought.
那个任务证明比我们想象得要更困难。
She turned out to be a friend of my sister’s.
她原来是我姐姐的朋友。
get之后可接贬义形容词,表示不妙的结果。例:
How stupid can you get?
你怎么会这么蠢?
She is getting bored and homesick.
她越来越烦,越来越想家。