前言自从1946年第一台电子计算机问世以来,电子计算机发展特别迅速。今天,电子计算机已成为新技术革命的中心,它不断向各个科学、技术领域渗透。各行各业都因为使用了电子计算机而面貌大变。随着电子集成技术的发展,单位面积上逻辑元件数已达5万或更多,而单位面积上存贮器元件的数目则多达10万以上(因存贮器规律 Foreword Since the advent of the first electronic computer in 1946, the development of electronic computers has been particularly rapid. Today, electronic computers have become the centerpiece of the new technological revolution, constantly penetrating into all fields of science and technology. All walks of life have changed dramatically due to the use of electronic computers. With the development of electronic integration technology, the number of logic elements per unit area has reached 50,000 or more, while the number of memory elements per unit area is as high as 100,000 (due to the memory law