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为确定危险品运输过程中不同风险影响因素的相对重要度,方便危险品运输企业合理配置有限资源,提出基于质量功能配置(QFD)法的危险品运输风险影响因素的重要度分析方法。首先,应用QFD方法在服务设计阶段充分识别风险影响因素。然后,基于AHP法和熵值法,构建使专家主客观权重偏差最小化的综合赋权模型。最后,基于模糊语言术语和三角模糊数,构建模糊环境中风险影响因素的重要度评估模型。通过该模型,确定运输过程中各影响因素的相对重要度。算例结果表明,危险品运输设备、交通沿线状况、从业人员的专业技能、应急安全保障设备和风险应急预案对危险品运输的风险有较大影响。
In order to determine the relative importance of different risk factors during the transportation of dangerous goods and to facilitate the rational allocation of limited resources for dangerous goods transportation enterprises, an analysis of the importance of influencing factors on the transportation risk of dangerous goods based on QFD is proposed. First, the QFD method is used to fully identify the risk factors during the service design phase. Then, based on the AHP method and the entropy method, an integrated weight model is proposed to minimize the subjective and objective weight deviations of experts. Finally, based on fuzzy linguistic terms and triangular fuzzy numbers, an assessment model of the importance of risk factors in fuzzy environment is constructed. Through this model, the relative importance of each influencing factor in the process of transportation is determined. The results of the example show that the risk of dangerous goods transport has a significant impact on the transport of dangerous goods, traffic conditions, professional skills of employees, emergency safety equipment and contingency plans.