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目的了解青海省2005-2013年麻疹流行病学特征和麻疹疫苗(measles vaccine,MV)强化免疫(supplemental I mmunization activity,SIA)前后发病情况,探讨消除麻疹策略,为制定防控对策提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析2005-2013年青海省麻疹发病特征。结果 2005-2013年青海省共监测报告麻疹病例3 851例,年平均发病率7.72/10万,基本维持4年一个发病高峰的流行特征,年度内呈单峰季节性发病,发病高峰在3~7月。城镇发病数于多牧区,发病率低于牧区。<8月龄组发病率最高,为148.3/10万;30岁组发病率最低,为0.89/10万。8月龄~5岁组为主要发病人群,占41.12%,以省内病例为主,占93.26%。2006、2009年两次强化免疫效果较好,2010、2012年两次强化免疫效果较差。结论强化免疫只能作为常规免疫的补充,落实国家免疫规划含麻疹成分疫苗的免疫接种,提高含麻疹成分疫苗的接种率和及时接种率仍是目前消除麻疹的根本措施和手段。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles vaccine and the incidence of measles vaccine (MV) before and after supplemental I mmunization activity (SIA) in Qinghai from 2005 to 2013, and to explore the strategy of eliminating measles vaccine so as to provide basis for the prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of measles in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2013. Results A total of 3 851 cases of measles were monitored in Qinghai from 2005 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 7.72 / 100 000. The prevalence of one peak was maintained for 4 years. Seasonal peak appeared in 3 to 7 month. The incidence of urban areas in the number of pastoral areas, the incidence was lower than that of pastoral areas. The highest incidence of <8 months old group was 148.3 / 100000; the lowest incidence of 30 years old group was 0.89 / 100000. 8 months old to 5 years old group as the main incidence of the crowd, accounting for 41.12%, mainly in the province cases, accounting for 93.26%. In 2006 and 2009, the two intensified immunizations were better, and the two intensified immunizations in 2010 and 2012 were less effective. Conclusions Intensive immunization can only serve as a supplement to conventional immunization, and the implementation of the national immunization program immunization with measles-containing components vaccines. To improve the vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate of the measles-containing vaccine is still the fundamental measure and measure to eliminate measles.