《加拿大权利和自由宪章》于1982年4月17日实施。它保护基本自由、民主权利、迁徙权、法律权利、平等权、联邦一级和新伯伦瑞克的官方语言、少数民族语言教育权。它也包括关于土著人、多元文化主义、男女平等、教派学校的存在和区域的一般条款。 宪章保障的权利和自由不是绝对的。在这方面的,宪章包括两项特殊条款:一项限制条款(第1条)和一项忽视条款(第33条)。 第1条规定:宪章保障的权利和自由应服从由法律规定的、在一个自由和民主社会里能被明显证明为正当的、合理的限制。加拿大最高法院支持这一规定并且在详尽的阐述了它所适用的比例准则的欧克斯案件中赋予这一条款以完整的含义。一旦一名原告证明一项权利或自由已遭侵犯,就要求立法者确定限制符合“欧克斯准则”,即保证忽视一项权利或自由存在着足够重要的目的;立法者关心之事是紧急的和真实的;用于达到 The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms came into force on April 17, 1982. It protects basic freedoms, democratic rights, migration rights, legal rights, equal rights, the official language at the federal level and in New Brunswick, and the right to education in minority languages. It also includes general provisions on the existence of indigenous communities, multiculturalism, gender equality, sectarian schools and regions. The rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Charter are not absolute. In this regard, the Charter includes two special articles: a restriction (article 1) and a negligence (article 33). Article 1 stipulates that the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Charter should be subject to the legitimate and reasonable limits that can be clearly proved to be legalized in a free and democratic society. The Canadian Supreme Court upholds this provision and gives it a complete meaning in the case of the Occident case, which elaborates on the criteria for the proportion to which it applies. Once a plaintiff proves that a right or freedom has been infringed, the legislator is required to establish that the restriction is in line with the “The Ouxis”, that is, to ensure that neglect of a right or freedom exists for sufficiently important purposes; and that legislators are concerned with an emergency And real; used to achieve