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疼痛调控是多通道、多受体和多系统介导的复杂生命医学热点问题。诸多靶通道特异性工具药的普遍缺乏,致使其机制解析和临床诊疗转化任重道远。蝎毒是多种毒素多肽的集合体,用于捕食和防御天敌,蛰伤诱致长时程炎症和疼痛。通常认为,类α长链肽类蝎毒素作用于钠通道,延缓钠通道失活,产生致痛效应,而类β长链多肽蝎毒素则相反。短链肽类蝎毒素作用于钾通道、氯通道和钙通道,呈现疼痛相关的功能多样化。因此,开发应用极具潜力的靶向蝎毒素,是解析疼痛调制新机制的重要工具分子。现对蝎毒素与疼痛相关离子通道互作的工作做一综述,并探讨蝎毒素多肽致/抗痛的分子功能多样性。
Pain regulation is a multi-channel, multi-receptor and multi-system-mediated complex life-medicine hot issues. The general lack of target-channel-specific tools has led to a long way to go in terms of mechanism analysis and clinical diagnosis and treatment. Scorpion venom is a collection of multiple toxin polypeptides used to predate and protect predators, stinging induces long-term inflammation and pain. It is generally believed that the α-long chain peptide scorpion toxin acts on the sodium channel, delaying the sodium channel inactivation, causing a pain-inducing effect, whereas the β-long chain scorpion toxin is the opposite. Short-chain peptide scorpion toxins act on potassium channels, chloride channels and calcium channels, presenting pain-related diversification. Therefore, the development and application of a great potential target scorpion toxin, is an important tool to resolve the new mechanism of pain modulation. The current work on the interaction between scorpion toxins and pain-related ion channels is reviewed, and the functional diversity induced / induced by scorpion toxin peptides is discussed.