西方马克思主义主要是指二十世纪20年代以后(以卢卡奇的《历史和阶级意识》为标志,1923年),流行于德、意、法、英、美等主要资本主义国家,相对于马克思、恩格斯、列宁等经典(或称正统)的马克思主义而发展起来的一种新型马克思主义思潮。在文学理论方面,法兰克福学派的社会批判文论集中体现了西力马克思主义的哲学、美学观点,并且在东西方都有较大的影响,值得关注。 Western Marxism mainly refers to the major capitalist countries such as Germany, Italy, France, Britain and the United States that prevailed since the 1920s (marked by Lukacs’s “History and Class Consciousness” 1923) Marxism, Engels, Lenin and other classic (or orthodox) Marxism developed a new Marxist trend of thought. In the field of literary theory, the Frankfurt School’s critical theory of social criticism embodies the philosophical and aesthetic ideas of Marxism-Leninism and has great influence both in the East and the West.