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人类所受辐射照射主要来自天然辐射。环境的人为变化和人类某些活动可能提高或降低天然辐射的照射水平,居民空中旅行中增加了受照剂量而水路旅行减少了受照剂量。我国海岸线长达18000余km,内河航运也十分发达。据交通部1988年统计资料,该年度我国水路旅客周转量近2×10~6万人·km,据农牧渔业部统计资料我国沿海渔业人员近200万,以及在沿海与内河有代表性的六条航线上,航行5625km,共计测量212次,得出每条航线上旅客所受天然辐射剂量率平均值,从而对我国居民水路旅行和从事渔业生产的人员的集体剂量当量做出评价。我国居民1988年度在海上和内河旅行所受天然辐射外照射集体剂量当量为32.7人·Sv,沿海渔业人员在海上作业期间所受天然辐射外照射集体剂量当量为265.3人·Sv。
Human exposure to radiation mainly from natural radiation. Human-made changes in the environment and certain human activities may increase or decrease the level of exposure to natural radiation. Residents inhabit the air travel to increase the exposure dose and waterway travel to reduce the exposure dose. China’s coastline of more than 18,000 km, inland shipping is also very well developed. According to statistics from the Ministry of Communications in 1988, the turnover of waterways in our country during this year was nearly 2 × 10 ~ 60,000 km · km. According to the statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal and Animal Husbandry, nearly 2 million coastal fisheries in China are well-represented in the coastal and inland rivers On the six routes, sailing 5625km, a total of 212 measurements, come to the average natural radiation dose rate of passengers on each route, so as to evaluate the collective dose equivalent of the residents of waterway travel and those engaged in fishery production. The collective dose equivalent of natural radiation emitted by our residents during natural and maritime travels in 1988 was 32.7 · Sv. The collective dose equivalent of natural radiation emitted by coastal fishermen during sea operations was 265.3 persons · Sv.