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1 问题的提出 射击运动是一项对动作技能精确度要求很高的静力性运动项目。随着我国和世界射击运动水平的不断提高和发展,射击运动员心理训练的重要性已被为人们所共识。而认知训练对于运动员在比赛中消除心理阴影,使之进入最佳竞技状态又是最为重要的一环。所谓认知,是指接受来自周围环境和各色人等发出的各类刺激,可以通过自身的思维,成为一个积极的反映者。人的认知活动,包括感知觉、注意、记忆、思维等活动。其中主要指解决问题的思维活动。认知心理学家认为,人是积极的信息处理者,即生活于社会中的人,当一个人面对一个问题时,他要解决问题,必然要自觉地经过准备、生成和判断等阶段。即面对一个问题,首先必须确定问题的性质(准备阶段);然后想出一些可供选择的可能的解决方法(生成阶段);最后是对这个解决方法作出评价(判断阶段)。在解决问题时,三个阶段可能依次存在,一次告成;也可能出现多次反复循环的现象。
1 raised the issue Shooting is a movement of the skills required accuracy of high-performance static sports. With the continuous improvement and development of shooting sports in our country and in the world, the importance of psychological training for shooting athletes has been widely acknowledged. Cognitive training is the most important part for athletes to eliminate the psychological shadow in the competition and make them enter the best competitive state. The so-called cognitive means accepting all kinds of stimuli from the surrounding environment and people of all colors. Through their own thinking, they can become a positive reflection. Human cognitive activities, including perception, attention, memory, thinking and other activities. Which mainly refers to the problem-solving thinking activities. Cognitive psychologists believe that people are active information processors, that is, people living in society. When a person faces a problem, he must solve the problem and must consciously pass through the stages of preparation, formation and judgment. That is, confronting a problem must first determine the nature of the problem (the preparation phase); then come up with some possible solutions to choose from (the generation phase); and finally, evaluate the solution (judgment phase). In resolving the issue, the three phases may exist in turn, and the one-time accomplishment may also result in multiple iterations.