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疫苗是人类与疾病斗争的有力武器。由于特征性糖蛋白和糖脂结构在恶性肿瘤细胞表面过度表达,肿瘤相关糖抗原可用于合成癌症候选疫苗。近年来,通过多步合成得到的寡糖-蛋白缀合物逐步进入临床实验。本文将重点介绍国际上研究工作的最新进展,包括候选疫苗分子的设计思路、寡糖抗原的结构与合成、疫苗载体蛋白、疫苗辅剂等。本文还将讨论寡糖合成,疫苗分子组成及临床前实验中面临的困难和可能的解决方案。
Vaccine is a powerful weapon for the fight against human disease. Due to the over-expression of characteristic glycoproteins and glycolipid structures on the surface of malignant cells, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens can be used to synthesise cancer candidate vaccines. In recent years, the oligosaccharide-protein conjugate obtained by the multi-step synthesis gradually enters clinical trials. This article will focus on the latest developments in international research, including the design of candidate vaccine molecules, oligosaccharide antigen structure and synthesis, vaccine carrier protein, vaccine adjuvant and so on. This article will also discuss the synthesis of oligosaccharides, the molecular composition of vaccines and the difficulties and possible solutions in preclinical experiments.