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研究中国原始社会史,必须广泛利用文献资料、出土文物和神话传说,尽快实现人类学、社会学、民族学、考古学与历史学的跨学科协作。先秦古典文学作品,诸如《诗经》、《楚辞》和《山海经》等等,提供了许多有关原始社会史的珍贵资料,有待充分利用。要剖译《楚辞》,尤其《天问》里的一些有关原始社会的密码,就要在恩格斯《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》(以下简称《起源》)等经典著作的指导下,用所谓文化人类学、比较民俗学和神话传说学的方法,重新加以分析、编组才能实现。本文既是笔者近年在这方面尝试的小结,又是企图在前人研究成果的基础上探讨我国文化史上某些奥秘的开始。
To study the history of primitive society in China, we must make extensive use of documents and materials, unearthed relics and myths and legends, and achieve interdisciplinary collaboration in anthropology, sociology, ethnology, archeology and history as soon as possible. Pre-Qin classical literary works, such as The Book of Songs, Chu Ci and Shan Hai Jing, provide a wealth of valuable information about primitive social history and need to be fully utilized. To interpret the “Chu Ci”, especially some of the texts in the “Tian Wen” about the primitive society, we should use the guidance of the classics such as Engels “The Origin of Family, Private Ownership and State” (hereinafter referred to as “Origin”) The so-called cultural anthropology, folklore and mythology lexical comparison method, re-analysis, grouping can be achieved. This article is both a summary of the author’s attempts in this field in recent years and an attempt to explore the beginning of some mysteries in the history of Chinese culture on the basis of previous research results.