用放射免疫分析法（ＲＩＡ）检测了６９例结核性和非结核性（癌性及漏出液）胸腹水中的白细胞介素—２（ＩＬ—２）。结果显示：结核组ＩＬ—２水平明显增高（７．２０±３．２６μｇ／Ｌ），与癌性胸腹水组（３．５２±２．５８μｇ／Ｌ）及漏出液组（１．６９±１．４１μｇ／Ｌ）比较差异有极高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）。与胸腹水中腺苷脱氨酶（ＡＤＡ）呈正相关［ｒ＝０．３４，Ｐ（单侧）＜０．０５］，敏感度为８５．１９％，特异度为８５．３３％。提示用本法检测胸腹水中的ＩＬ—２水平对结核性胸腹水的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义。 Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to detect interleukin-2 (IL-2) in 69 cases of tuberculous and non-tuberculous (pleural effusion and effusion) pleural effusion. The results showed that the level of IL-2 in tuberculosis group was significantly higher than that in cancerous ascites group (3.52 ± 2.58μg / L) and leakage group (1.69 ± 1 .41μg / L) were highly significant (P <0.001). It was positively correlated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pleural effusion and ascites (r = 0.34, P <0.05), with a sensitivity of 85.19% and a specificity of 85.33%. It is suggested that the detection of IL-2 in pleural fluid and ascites by this method is of great significance to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tuberculous ascites and pleural effusion.