一、南京市浦口区新型农村合作医疗及其基金利用特点南京市浦口区的农村合作医疗,最早可追溯到20世纪五六十年代,农村集体经济实行“先提留后分配”的分配制度,有利于推行低水平的合作医疗共济制度。但是,随着20世纪70年代末我国农村联产承包责任制的推行,农村集体经济萎缩,农村合作医疗制度出现了波动和曲折,合作医疗筹资难问题凸显出来,旧的合作医疗制度的基础受到严重冲击。进入21世纪后,随着新农村建设步伐的加快、国家综合实力的增强,以及农民对医疗保障需求的增强,逐步孕育并催生了具有中国特色的由国家扶持、农民互助共济的疾病医疗保障制度——新型合作医疗制度的诞生。南京市浦口区2003年被国家确定为首批304个新型农村合作医疗(以下简称“新农合”)试点区(县)之一。根据相关政策,区新农合管理委员会在 I. Features of New Rural Cooperative Medical Care and Funds Utilization in Pukou District of Nanjing Rural co-operative medical care in Pukou District of Nanjing City can be traced back to the 1950s and 1960s. The rural collective economy implements the distribution system of “prior allocation”. It is conducive to the promotion of a low-level cooperative medical system of mutual aid. However, with the implementation of the contract responsibility system for rural joint production in China in the late 1970s, the rural collective economy has shrunk, and the rural cooperative medical system has experienced fluctuations and twists and turns. The problem of financing difficulties in cooperative healthcare has become apparent. The basis of the old cooperative medical system has been affected. Serious impact. After entering the 21st century, with the acceleration of the pace of new rural construction, the enhancement of the country’s overall strength, and the increase in the demand for medical security from farmers, it gradually nurtured and gave birth to medical support for diseases with Chinese characteristics, supported by the state, and assisted by mutual assistance from farmers. System - The birth of a new type of cooperative medical system. Pukou District of Nanjing City was identified by the country as one of the first batch of 304 pilot rural cooperative medical institutions (hereinafter referred to as “new rural cooperative medical system”) in 2003. According to related policies, the District New Rural Cooperative Management Committee is