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目的对比分析德宏州汉族、傣族、景颇族的吸烟现状和对吸烟危害相关知识的认识情况。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,随机抽取7 052名15岁及以上常住居民进行问卷调查,包括吸烟及相关知识情况。结果汉族、傣族、景颇族居民的吸烟率分别为33.4%、35.9%、48.1%;被动吸烟率分别为44.5%、47.5%、46.4%。3种民族的男性吸烟率均远高于女性(x~2=1425.837,x~2=895.092,x~2=435.822,P<0.001)。3种民族中,男性吸烟者的初次吸烟年龄均以在15~24岁组所占比例最高(x~2=27.645,x~2=23.752,x~2=139.740,P<0.001)。景颇族吸烟者每日吸烟量少于汉族和傣族吸烟者,而汉族吸烟者每日吸烟量高于傣族和景颇族吸烟者(x~2=123.190,P<0.001)。汉族和傣族的女性居民对吸烟会导致胃肠道疾病、糖尿病、流产的正确回答率高于男性居民(x~2=13.014,x~2=11.114,P<0.01;x~2=12.721,P<0.01,x~2=6.747,P<0.05;x~2=35.559,x~2=19.932,P<0.001);汉族女性居民对吸烟会导致脑卒中的正确回答率高于汉族男性居民(x~2=12.585,P<0.01)。结论云南省德宏州的傣族、景颇族居民具有吸烟率高,但对烟草危害知识的知晓率低的特点。因此应加强健康教育,提高该人群对烟草危害的认识,减少烟草对少数民族的健康危害。
Objective To compare and analyze the status of smoking among Han, Dai and Jingpo ethnic groups in Dehong Prefecture and their knowledge about the harm of smoking. Methods A multistage stratified sampling method was used to randomly select 7 052 permanent residents aged 15 and over for questionnaire survey, including smoking and related knowledge. Results The smoking rates of Han, Dai and Jingpo residents were 33.4%, 35.9% and 48.1% respectively. The passive smoking rates were 44.5%, 47.5% and 46.4% respectively. The prevalence rates of smoking in males in three ethnic groups were significantly higher than those in females (x ~ 2 = 1425.837, x ~ 2 = 895.092, x ~ 2 = 435.822, P <0.001). Among the three ethnic groups, male smokers had the highest number of first-time smokers in the age group of 15-24 years (x 2 = 27.645, x 2 = 23.752, x 2 = 139.740, P 0.001). Jingpo smokers smoked less daily than Han and Dai smokers, while Han smokers smoked more daily than Dai and Jingpo smokers (x ~ 2 = 123.190, P <0.001). The correct response rates of smoking to Han residents and Dai residents to smoking caused gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes and miscarriage were higher than those of male residents (x ~ 2 = 13.014, x ~ 2 = 11.114, P <0.01; x ~ 2 = 12.721, P P <0.001). The correct response rate of Han female inhabitants to stroke caused by smoking was higher than that of Han male (x = 2 = 6.747, P <0.05; x ~ 2 = 35.559, x ~ 2 = 19.932, ~ 2 = 12.585, P <0.01). Conclusion Dai and Jingpo residents in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province have the characteristics of high smoking rate but low awareness rate of tobacco hazard knowledge. Therefore, health education should be strengthened to raise the population’s awareness of the harm caused by tobacco and reduce the health risks of tobacco to ethnic minorities.