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目的：口颌系统肌肉与颞下颌关节的功能活动及其疾病的发生和发展密切相关，为选择适宜的动物进行有关研究，本文观察了小型猪咀嚼肌和下颌舌骨肌的解剖形态、组织学、酶组织化学和超微结构。方法：通过解剖了解小猪咀嚼肌和下颌舌骨肌起止及形态情况，利用组织标本经常规染色和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸四唑还原酶、乳酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶组织化学染色光镜下观察并结合计算机图像分析处理定量研究，同时还利用透射电镜观察这些肌肉的超微结构。结果：小型猪咀嚼肌和下颌舌骨肌解剖学特点显示与猴和人类很相近，光镜和电镜下组织学结构也未呈现差异，各个肌的酶组织化学特征均表现为异质性，有两类肌纤维相嵌存在。结论：小型猪咀嚼肌在解剖、组织学和生理功能等方面都与人接近，这提示其咀嚼功能运动和颞下颌关节功能运动也与人类近似，因此，用小型猪作为研究颞下颌关节的实验动物是比较适宜的
OBJECTIVE: Oral and maxillofacial musculature is closely related to the functional activities of temporomandibular joint and the occurrence and development of the disease. To study the selection of suitable animal, the anatomic features of the chewing muscles and hyoid muscles in miniature pigs were observed. , Enzyme histochemistry and ultrastructure. Methods: The morphology of the masticatory muscles and hyoid muscles of piglets were dissected. The tissue samples were routinely stained and incubated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase The chemical staining was observed under microscope and combined with computer image analysis to quantitatively study the ultrastructure of these muscles with transmission electron microscopy. Results: The anatomical characteristics of the chewing muscles and hyoid muscles of miniature pigs showed similarities with monkeys and humans. The histological structures of the chewing muscles and hyoid muscles in miniature pigs showed no difference. The histochemical characteristics of each muscle showed heterogeneity Two types of muscle fiber phase embedded exist. Conclusion: The masticatory muscles of miniature pigs are close to human in terms of anatomy, histology and physiological functions, suggesting that their masticatory and temporomandibular joint functional motions are also similar to those of humans. Therefore, miniature pigs as experimental study of temporomandibular joint Animals are more suitable