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本文复习了陈耀真教授1936年以来关于中国眼科学史的论著,这些论著深入地考证和论述了中国古代眼科学。他认为中国眼科学史应从商殷时代(公元前1324—1066年)算起,唐宋时代已有显著发展。对眼病的手术治疗已具有较高水平。在古籍中有许多眼病早有记载。最早的青光眼患者为春秋战国时代的子夏(公元前507一?);最早的重瞳记录为司马迁《史记》中的舜帝(公元前200年)和汉代项羽。对眉毛特征的描述始于传说中的伏义皇帝(公元前2800年)。陈教授从古籍中对古代眼外伤的分类作了归纳。揭露了奴隶社会和封建社会制度的残暴性;对我国古代眼科预防医学作了考证,证明我国古人对眼病的预防十分重视;对沙眼的来源地作了考证,纠正了MacCallan 1939年关于沙眼起源于蒙古游牧民族,随着蒙古入侵向西传播到地中海沿岸国家的说法。此外。陈教授还对唐代高僧鉴真、唐宋杰出诗人杜甫、白居易、欧阳修和陆游的眼病作了详细考证。
This article reviews Professor Chen Yaizhen’s treatises on the history of ophthalmology in China since 1936, and these treatises have thoroughly researched and discussed the ancient Chinese ophthalmology. He believes that the history of ophthalmology in China should start from the Shang and Yin Dynasties (1324-1066 BC), and the Tang and Song dynasties have witnessed remarkable progress. Surgical treatment of eye disease has a higher level. In ancient books there are many eye diseases have long been documented. The earliest glaucoma patients in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period (507 BC?); The earliest pupil recorded as Sima Qian “Historical Records” in Emperor Shun (200 BC) and the Han Dynasty Xiang Yu. The description of eyebrows begins with the legendary Emperor Savi (2800 BC). Professor Chen summarized the classification of ancient eye trauma from ancient books. Exposing the brutal nature of the slave society and the feudal society system; the ancient ophthalmic preventive medicine in our country made a research to prove that our ancients pay great attention to the prevention of eye diseases; the origin of trachoma made a research to correct MacCallan 1939 on trachoma origin The nomadic Mongolian people spread westward to the Mediterranean countries along with the invasion of Mongolia. In addition. Professor Chen also made a detailed examination of the eyes of the Tang Dynasty monks Jianzhen, Tang and Song dynasties poet Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Ouyang Xiu and Lu You.