辽东地区新石器时代的水洞下层文化、后洼上层文化和小珠山中层文化均是以施刻划纹陶器为代表的考古学文化。从陶器的亲缘关系上看,后洼上层文化是由水洞下层文化发展而来的,并演变为小珠山中层文化,他们属于前后相继、一脉相承的同一文化系统。文章在梳理了水洞下层文化系统发展脉络的基础上,进一步探讨了其与周边考古学文化的关系。 Liaodong Neolithic underwater cave culture, the upper back-wa culture and the middle of the small-hill culture are carved by the sculptured pottery as the representative of the archaeological culture. From the perspective of pottery, Houwa upper layer culture evolved from the lower water culture and evolved into the middle layer culture of Xiaoshan, and they belonged to the same cultural system that came one after another one after another. On the basis of combing the development context of the underwater cultural system in the water cave, the article further explores its relationship with the surrounding archeological culture.