在马克斯·韦伯的社会政治思想中,权威与民主、国家与个人、集权主义与自由主义、唯物史观的合理成分与唯心史观的思想内核等奇特地混为一体。韦伯在现代西方之所以具有经久不衰的魂力和影响,从理论上看,或许正是这些内在的二元对立的结果。笔者以为,他思想中的这些内在矛盾在不同的问题上各有侧重,甚至前后不一。但有一对更基本的矛盾,即理性与非理性的矛盾却贯穿韦伯思想的始终和各个方面。因而,抓 In Max Weber’s social and political thought, authoritarianism and democracy, countries and individuals, totalitarianism and liberalism, the rational component of historical materialism and the idealistic ideological core of thought and so uniquely mixed. Weber’s enduring power and influence in the modern West may theoretically be the result of these internal dualistic antagonisms. The author believes that these internal contradictions in his thinking have different focuses on different issues, or even inconsistencies. However, there is a more fundamental contradiction that the contradiction between reason and irrationality runs through the whole point and all aspects of Weber’s thought. Thus, catch