目前,国有大中型企业、特别是机械制造企业面临的经济环境仍相当严峻:一是国家正向社会主义市场经济迈进,经济开发区、房地产、第三产业发展很快,资金大量流向这些地区和部门,而国有大中型企业正常生产增长需要的资金没有得到保证,有的企业连发工资都很困难,资金问题已制约了生产。二是国家对商品价格逐步放开,机械制造企业面临着原材料、能源、交通不断涨价,增加了沉重的压力。三是银行在推行商业化,专业银行的职能正在逐步消失,贷款利率不断提高,有的还采取随行就市,致使企业资金成本逐步升高。四是生活品物价指数上涨幅度过高,企业费用支出也较大幅度增长,都加重了企 At present, the economic environment facing large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, especially machinery manufacturing enterprises, remains rather harsh: First, the state is moving toward a socialist market economy. Economic development zones, real estate and tertiary industry are developing rapidly with large amounts of capital flowing to these areas. Departments, and the funds needed for the normal production and growth of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises have not been guaranteed. Some enterprises have difficulty in making wages in tandem with wages, and the problem of funds has restricted their production. Second, the state gradually liberalized commodity prices, and machinery manufacturing enterprises faced increasing pressure on raw materials, energy and transportation, which added to the heavy pressure. Third, the commercialization of banks is under way. The functions of specialized banks are gradually disappearing. The lending rates are continuously rising. Some banks also take the market along with them, resulting in a gradual increase in the cost of capital for enterprises. Fourth, the price index of daily necessities rose too much, and the expenses of enterprises also increased substantially, all of which aggravated the enterprises’