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witness
n. 目击者，见证人；证词，证据，证明
The police have appealed for witness to come forward.
警察呼吁目击者站出来。
The police found a witness to the traffic accident and ask her to give witness.
警方找到了这起交通事故的目击者并请她作证。
v. 当场见到，目击；见证；是……的迹象；作证
We are witnessing the most important scientific development of the century.
我们正亲眼见证本世纪最重要的科学发展。
His smiling face witnesses he is satisfied with his present life.
他的笑脸表明他对目前的生活感到满意。
He witnessed for the old man at the court.
他在法庭上那个为那个老人作证。
He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.
他证明看到那个人进了房间。
【搭配】
a witness to sth 某事的证人
witness for sb 为某人作证
witness to （doing） sth 为某事作证
【注意】
witness这一词用在句中表示目睹，当句子由物作主语时，可以看作一种拟人手法，see和notice也有类似用法。如：
The year 2008 witnessed the 29th Olympics’ opening in Beijing.
2008年见证了第29届奥运会在北京召开。
Last year saw a slight increase in car accidents in that city.
该市去年车祸的次数略有上升。
abandon
v. 抛弃，遗弃；放弃
The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
He was forced to abandon his plan.
他被迫放弃自己的计划。
He abandoned smoking because of his poor health.
因为身体不好他戒烟了。
【搭配】
abandon one’s plan/dream 放弃某人的计划/梦想
abandon doing sth/stop doing/quit doing 停止，放弃做某事
【拓展】
v. 陷入，沉溺于
abandon oneself to sth/doing sth 沉溺于某事或做某事
He abandoned himself to playing computer games.
他沉迷于玩电脑游戏。
n. 放任，放纵
with abandon 放肆地，恣意地
He signed cheques with careless abandon.
他无所顾忌地乱开支票。
adj. abandoned 堕落的，被遗弃的
There was an abandoned baby under the bridge.
大桥下面有一个被遗弃的婴儿。
【辨析】
abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意。
abandon强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
desert着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难意味。
forsake侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
leave普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止与某人的关系，但不涉及动机。
give up普通用语，侧重指因没有希望或外界压力而放弃。
urge
v. 催促；极力主张；驱策
He urged her to reconsider/into reconsidering her decision.
他劝她重新考虑自己的决定。
She could hear them urging her on as she approached the finishing line.
当接近终点线时，她听到他们在为她加油。
Father urged that I should apologize to my English teacher.
爸爸极力主张我应该向我的英语老师道歉。
It is urged that necessary measures should be taken to prevent campus violence.
人们坚决要求采取必要措施来预防校园暴力。
n. 强烈的欲望和冲动
I had a strong urge to go to Africa.
我极想去非洲。
【搭配】
urge sb to do sth/urge sb into doing sth 要求/催促某人做某事
urge sth/sb on 催促某人/某物前进
urge that sb (should) do sth （虚拟语气）极力主张某人做某事
It is urged that...坚决要求……（that后从句也需要用虚拟语气）
have an urge to do sth 极想做某事
【辨析】
induce, persuade, urge, convince, counsel, coax这些动词均有“劝说，劝导，劝诱”之意。
induce指用讲道理来使某人做某事。
persuade普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等手段而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。意为说服某人做了某事。表劝说时，persuade的用法与urge类似。
urge语气强，指不断地热情地规劝诱导。
convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。
counsel较正式用词，针对一些较为重大的事情所提出的劝告。
coax指用好话善意或耐心劝诱、哄骗某人做某事。
adjust
vi. 调整，校准，校正
I usually adjust my watch before I go to work in the morning.
我通常早上上班前调整我的表。
Check and adjust the brakes regularly.
定期检查和调节刹车装置。
vt. 使适合；使适应
Adjusting to the new environment was more difficult than we had expected.
适应新环境比我们预想的要难些。
We must adjust ourselves to the new life as soon as possible.
我们必须尽快适应新生活。
【搭配】
adjust to/adjust oneself to适应……
adapt to/adapt oneself to 与adjust to/adjust oneself to的意思和用法均相同。
【辨析】
adapt, adjust, conform, accommodate, suit, fit这些动词均有“使适合，适应”之意。
adapt指人或物作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件，强调改变的目的和重要性。adjust与adapt含义很接近，用法也相同，但adjust所改变的幅度要小一些，侧重过程，主要用于调整角度、高度、光点等。
conform多指与某模式或规则相符，也引申指改变习惯等以适应新的环境。
accommodate书面用词，指依外部条件或标准来改变自己或某事以求得适应，着重改变或调节的有利。
suit指适合要求，从而使人满意愉快。
fit含义广泛，指人或物适合或适应某一目的或用途。
be/become aware of
对……知道，明白，意识到
The children were aware of the harm of taking drug.
孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害。
As a matter of fact, I was not aware of the cause of the fire.
事实上，我不知道火灾的起因。
You are not aware (of) how worried I felt about your safety.
你不知道我多担心你的安全。
【拓展】
be/become aware of还可以以be/become aware (of) that的形式接从句，表示明白某事，介词of 可以省略。此短语的否定形式为 be not aware of。
as far as I am aware 据我所知
He was not aware that he had made a serious mistake.
他没有意识到他已经犯了一个严重的错误。
As far as I am aware, nobody has done anything about it.
据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。
练习
1. Global food price _________very sharp increase during the year 2011 and they are continuing to rise further.
A. observed B. witnessed
C. proved D. supplied
2. When my old friend Brian_________me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
A. urged B. counseled
C. persuaded D. forbade
3. The girl had to_________ her journey because of her mother’s illness.
A. leave B. desertC. abandonD. quit
4. It was several minutes before I was_________
what was happening.
A. awareB. concernedC. tiredD. ashamed
5. Tom put his feet up and_________ his seat so that he could relax himself more and watch the show better.
A. donated B. occupied
C. abandoned D. adjusted
6. In the office that I visited, not once_________
_________ a quarrel going on during office hours. (witness)
在我去过的那个办公室，我不止一次目睹过工作时间的争执。
7. Many a young man__________________a chance to work in a foreign company. (die)
很多年轻人渴望得到在外企工作的机会。
8. His wife urged in his letter that_________
_________the post offered by the company. (accept)
他的妻子在信里极力主张他接受那个公司提供的职位。
9. It takes time___________________________ especially after you have been married for a long time. (adjust)
适应独自生活需要时间，尤其是在你结婚很长时间以后。
10.__________________health issues your kid faces today is just one of the many challenges of being a parent. (aware)
意识到孩子今天面临的健康问题只是身为父母的诸多挑战之一。
参考答案
1~5BACAD
6. did I witness
7. is dying for
8. he (should) accept
9. to adjust to living alone
10. Being aware of
n. 目击者，见证人；证词，证据，证明
The police have appealed for witness to come forward.
警察呼吁目击者站出来。
The police found a witness to the traffic accident and ask her to give witness.
警方找到了这起交通事故的目击者并请她作证。
v. 当场见到，目击；见证；是……的迹象；作证
We are witnessing the most important scientific development of the century.
我们正亲眼见证本世纪最重要的科学发展。
His smiling face witnesses he is satisfied with his present life.
他的笑脸表明他对目前的生活感到满意。
He witnessed for the old man at the court.
他在法庭上那个为那个老人作证。
He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.
他证明看到那个人进了房间。
【搭配】
a witness to sth 某事的证人
witness for sb 为某人作证
witness to （doing） sth 为某事作证
【注意】
witness这一词用在句中表示目睹，当句子由物作主语时，可以看作一种拟人手法，see和notice也有类似用法。如：
The year 2008 witnessed the 29th Olympics’ opening in Beijing.
2008年见证了第29届奥运会在北京召开。
Last year saw a slight increase in car accidents in that city.
该市去年车祸的次数略有上升。
abandon
v. 抛弃，遗弃；放弃
The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
He was forced to abandon his plan.
他被迫放弃自己的计划。
He abandoned smoking because of his poor health.
因为身体不好他戒烟了。
【搭配】
abandon one’s plan/dream 放弃某人的计划/梦想
abandon doing sth/stop doing/quit doing 停止，放弃做某事
【拓展】
v. 陷入，沉溺于
abandon oneself to sth/doing sth 沉溺于某事或做某事
He abandoned himself to playing computer games.
他沉迷于玩电脑游戏。
n. 放任，放纵
with abandon 放肆地，恣意地
He signed cheques with careless abandon.
他无所顾忌地乱开支票。
adj. abandoned 堕落的，被遗弃的
There was an abandoned baby under the bridge.
大桥下面有一个被遗弃的婴儿。
【辨析】
abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意。
abandon强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
desert着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难意味。
forsake侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
leave普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止与某人的关系，但不涉及动机。
give up普通用语，侧重指因没有希望或外界压力而放弃。
urge
v. 催促；极力主张；驱策
He urged her to reconsider/into reconsidering her decision.
他劝她重新考虑自己的决定。
She could hear them urging her on as she approached the finishing line.
当接近终点线时，她听到他们在为她加油。
Father urged that I should apologize to my English teacher.
爸爸极力主张我应该向我的英语老师道歉。
It is urged that necessary measures should be taken to prevent campus violence.
人们坚决要求采取必要措施来预防校园暴力。
n. 强烈的欲望和冲动
I had a strong urge to go to Africa.
我极想去非洲。
【搭配】
urge sb to do sth/urge sb into doing sth 要求/催促某人做某事
urge sth/sb on 催促某人/某物前进
urge that sb (should) do sth （虚拟语气）极力主张某人做某事
It is urged that...坚决要求……（that后从句也需要用虚拟语气）
have an urge to do sth 极想做某事
【辨析】
induce, persuade, urge, convince, counsel, coax这些动词均有“劝说，劝导，劝诱”之意。
induce指用讲道理来使某人做某事。
persuade普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等手段而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。意为说服某人做了某事。表劝说时，persuade的用法与urge类似。
urge语气强，指不断地热情地规劝诱导。
convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。
counsel较正式用词，针对一些较为重大的事情所提出的劝告。
coax指用好话善意或耐心劝诱、哄骗某人做某事。
adjust
vi. 调整，校准，校正
I usually adjust my watch before I go to work in the morning.
我通常早上上班前调整我的表。
Check and adjust the brakes regularly.
定期检查和调节刹车装置。
vt. 使适合；使适应
Adjusting to the new environment was more difficult than we had expected.
适应新环境比我们预想的要难些。
We must adjust ourselves to the new life as soon as possible.
我们必须尽快适应新生活。
【搭配】
adjust to/adjust oneself to适应……
adapt to/adapt oneself to 与adjust to/adjust oneself to的意思和用法均相同。
【辨析】
adapt, adjust, conform, accommodate, suit, fit这些动词均有“使适合，适应”之意。
adapt指人或物作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件，强调改变的目的和重要性。adjust与adapt含义很接近，用法也相同，但adjust所改变的幅度要小一些，侧重过程，主要用于调整角度、高度、光点等。
conform多指与某模式或规则相符，也引申指改变习惯等以适应新的环境。
accommodate书面用词，指依外部条件或标准来改变自己或某事以求得适应，着重改变或调节的有利。
suit指适合要求，从而使人满意愉快。
fit含义广泛，指人或物适合或适应某一目的或用途。
be/become aware of
对……知道，明白，意识到
The children were aware of the harm of taking drug.
孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害。
As a matter of fact, I was not aware of the cause of the fire.
事实上，我不知道火灾的起因。
You are not aware (of) how worried I felt about your safety.
你不知道我多担心你的安全。
【拓展】
be/become aware of还可以以be/become aware (of) that的形式接从句，表示明白某事，介词of 可以省略。此短语的否定形式为 be not aware of。
as far as I am aware 据我所知
He was not aware that he had made a serious mistake.
他没有意识到他已经犯了一个严重的错误。
As far as I am aware, nobody has done anything about it.
据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。
练习
1. Global food price _________very sharp increase during the year 2011 and they are continuing to rise further.
A. observed B. witnessed
C. proved D. supplied
2. When my old friend Brian_________me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
A. urged B. counseled
C. persuaded D. forbade
3. The girl had to_________ her journey because of her mother’s illness.
A. leave B. desertC. abandonD. quit
4. It was several minutes before I was_________
what was happening.
A. awareB. concernedC. tiredD. ashamed
5. Tom put his feet up and_________ his seat so that he could relax himself more and watch the show better.
A. donated B. occupied
C. abandoned D. adjusted
6. In the office that I visited, not once_________
_________ a quarrel going on during office hours. (witness)
在我去过的那个办公室，我不止一次目睹过工作时间的争执。
7. Many a young man__________________a chance to work in a foreign company. (die)
很多年轻人渴望得到在外企工作的机会。
8. His wife urged in his letter that_________
_________the post offered by the company. (accept)
他的妻子在信里极力主张他接受那个公司提供的职位。
9. It takes time___________________________ especially after you have been married for a long time. (adjust)
适应独自生活需要时间，尤其是在你结婚很长时间以后。
10.__________________health issues your kid faces today is just one of the many challenges of being a parent. (aware)
意识到孩子今天面临的健康问题只是身为父母的诸多挑战之一。
参考答案
1~5BACAD
6. did I witness
7. is dying for
8. he (should) accept
9. to adjust to living alone
10. Being aware of