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为探讨高产品种特性,为夏大豆高产育种提供理论参考,于2007～2010年,对冀豆17等6个具有高产潜力夏大豆品种以及各级区域试验的57个品种的农艺性状进行了调查分析。明确了高产夏大豆品种应具备如下生育特性:(1)植株高大(R=0.551 6*)、有效荚数多(R=0.739 7*)、荚粒数多(R=0.318 9);(2)开花量大(单株130朵以上),成荚率高(52%以上),后期落荚少(落荚率40%以下);(3)主根、侧根较长(分别达到20 cm、15 cm以上),基部节间短(基部6节总长25 cm以下),植株重心低(40 cm以下);(4)茎秆干重较高、干物质转移较多(平均4.29 g);(5)鼓粒后期(始粒30 d以后)籽粒重持续增加,不降低。同时提出夏大豆品种生育模式:播种～出苗5 d,出苗～开花29～33 d,开花～始粒29～33 d,始粒～成熟32～36 d,全生育期95～106 d。这种生育期结构模式,既能满足当地两熟制大豆生态条件,也能满足营养生长和生殖生长阶段的充分发育,有利于夏播品种的高产。
In order to explore the characteristics of high-yielding varieties and provide a theoretical reference for high-yielding summer soybean breeding, from 2007 to 2010, six agronomic traits of six high-yielding summer soybean cultivars including Jidou 17 and 57 varieties at different levels were investigated . The results showed that the high yielding summer soybean varieties should have the following reproductive characteristics: (1) Plant height (R = 0.551 6 *), effective pods (R = 0.739 7 * ) Had a high flowering rate (more than 130 plants per plant) with high podding rate (over 52%) and less pod at late stage (pod rate less than 40%); (3) (4 cm). The dry weight of stalks was higher and the dry matter transfer was more (average 4.29 g). (5) ) Drum grain late (after 30 d grain) grain weight continued to increase, does not reduce. At the same time, the fertility mode of summer soybean varieties was put forward: 5 days after sowing ~ emergence, 29 ~ 33 days after flowering ~ 29 ~ 33 days after flowering ~ 29 ~ 33 days before flowering ~ 32 ~ 36 days after maturity. This pattern of growth period structure not only meets the local ecological conditions of two ripe soybean, but also can fully meet the requirements of vegetative and reproductive growth stages and is conducive to the high yield of summer sowing varieties.