论文部分内容阅读
本文讨论两个问题:(1)一般性理论问题:平仄型声调产生的语音基础;(2)汉语四声的特定问题:产生的年代、过程、次序,以及四声的声域和调值。从语音学上来说,音高是声门活动的结果,即某种喉头发声的结果。如果这种结果音法化了,就形成了声调。本文检讨了过去四百年中关于四声起源和过去五十年来关于声调起源的主要观点。然后从各类喉头发声活动产生不同音高的角度讨论了声调的语音学起因,声调产生的各种有利条件以及共时平面上的各种分声域的声调系统。然后从实验语音学角度来论证汉语早期四声的调形和发音特征。早期平声是中平调;上声急升带假声,并附喉塞尾;去声是降调。本项研究支持清儒的看法:四声起于江左,大备于魏晋;平声是长调,上去是中长调,入声是短调。苗瑶侗台语的声调可能不是受汉语影响而产生,而是相反。
This article discusses two issues: (1) general theoretical issues: the phonetic basis of flat tone; (2) the specific question of Chinese four-tone: the age, process, order, and the sound and tone of the four tones. In phonetics, pitch is the result of glottis activity, the result of some laryngeal sound. If this result is phoneticized, the tone is formed. This article reviews the main points of four origins over the past four centuries and the origins of tones over the past fifty years. Then we discuss the phonetic origin of tones, the favorable conditions of tone generation and the tone systems of various subsystems in the synchronic plane from the perspectives of different pitches of various laryngeal vocalizations. Then from the perspective of experimental phonetics to demonstrate the shape and pronunciation characteristics of Chinese early four tones. Early flat is flat in tone; on the sharp rise with false sound, and attached to the end of the larynx; to tone is down. This research supports the view of Qing Confucianism: Four voices originate from the left of the river and the other is great from the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Miao Yao Tong Tai tone tone may not be generated by the impact of Chinese, but the opposite.