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重离子碰撞实验分析及相关理论研究认为高密度非对称核物质可能具有较软的物态方程;在约2～3倍饱和核密度下超子等奇异物质的出现也可能会使物态方程变软。然而,软物态方程却无法支持大质量中子星。脉冲星PSR J1614-2230具有大质量(1.97±0.04)M⊙的观测发现使这一矛盾变得尤为突出。为了解决该矛盾,人们提出了各种可能的物理机制:包括考虑修正的引力理论、修改描述高密度物质物态的理论模型等。在概述和讨论这些能使软物态方程支持大质量中子星的可能物理机制的基础上,还计算和讨论了强电场、强磁场对中子星最大质量的影响,发现强电磁场可以有效地增大中子星的最大质量。
Heavy ion collisions experiments and related theoretical studies suggest that high-density asymmetric nuclear matter may have a softer equation of state; the appearance of strange species such as hyperons at about 2 to 3 times the saturation nuclear density may also change the equation of state soft. However, the soft matter equation can not support massive neutron stars. This contradiction has been highlighted by the observation that the pulsar PSR J1614-2230 has a large mass (1.97 ± 0.04) M⊙. In order to solve the contradiction, various possible physical mechanisms have been put forward, including the modified gravitation theory and the modification of the theoretical model describing the state of high-density matter. After summarizing and discussing the possible physical mechanisms that can make soft matter equation support large neutron stars, the influence of strong electric field and strong magnetic field on the maximum mass of neutron stars is also calculated and discussed. It is found that strong electromagnetic field can effectively increase the number of neutron stars Maximum quality.