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高温金相显微镜是冶金科学方面的近代新的实验工具之一。现时国内、外虽已有高温金相显微镜产品,但由于还存在着缺点:如加热慢、真空度不易达到。成象不清晰等等,因此不易适合科研的需要。作者为了从事有关问题的研究,经过一段时间的摸索和试验,于1962年底安装成一台新的高温金相显微镜。它的特点是:采用直接加热方式。借用温台本身导电以加热样品,在真空中用水银使样品剧冷;此外,在真空系统和显微镜照明等方面都分别采取了措施。使用结果表明:这台高温金相显微镜具有很高的真空度,用扩散泵抽气2～3分钟后,可达到10~(-4)～10~(-5)厘米汞柱。不仅能得到清晰的象,而且放大倍数较高,可进行较长时间的观察,用21Din软片摄制照相(100×)时只需时0.1～1秒。本文为高温金相设备——温台、真空系统和显微镜三个组成部分的理论探讨和试验总结,并为今后这方面的继续研究和改进指出了方向。
High-temperature metallurgical microscope is one of the modern experimental tools in metallurgy science. At home and abroad, although high-temperature metallurgical microscopes are available, due to the shortcomings of low-temperature heating, the degree of vacuum is not easily reached. Imaging is not clear, etc., so not easy for scientific research needs. In order to engage in research on the issue, after a period of exploration and trial, the end of 1962 installed as a new high-temperature metallurgical microscope. It is characterized by: the use of direct heating. Borrow temperature station itself to heat the sample conductivity, mercury in the vacuum sample soared; In addition, the vacuum system and microscope lighting, respectively, have taken measures. The results show that: This high-temperature metallurgical microscope has a high degree of vacuum, the diffusion pump pumping 2 to 3 minutes, up to 10 ~ (-4) ~ 10 ~ (-5) cm Hg. Not only can a clear image be obtained, but the magnification is higher, and the observation can be performed for a longer time. It takes only 0.1 to 1 second to photograph (100 ×) with a 21Din film. This article summarizes the theory and experiment of high temperature metallographic equipment - temperature table, vacuum system and microscope. It also points out the direction for further research and improvement in this field.