出生缺陷(bith defects)系指先天的躯体畸形和功能映陷,包括遗传疾病和胚胎在发育过程中受致畸因子作用而致的发育异常,以及因此而造成的流产、死产等。这一问题在六十年代初期发生震撼世界的反应停(thalidomide)致胎儿短肢畸形后才引起广泛关注。近几十年来,由于传染病的死亡率大大减低,出生缺陷的婴儿死亡率相对上升。因此对出生缺陷的研究及预防治疗工作是十分必要的。出生缺陷研究的主要任务是探索各种致畸因素,找出各类畸形发生率的基线,再就是有效地进行人群监测,重点是母幼,以有利于早期发现、早期预防、早期治疗,以提高整个人群的素质。由于出生缺陷包括各种致畸因素所造成的死产和流产,唯一的方法是进行早期预防。就目前来讲,应当做好以下几方面: Birth defects (bith defects) refers to the congenital physical deformity and functional mapping, including genetic diseases and embryonic developmental factors in the development of the role of teratogenic dysplasia, and the resulting abortion, stillbirth and so on. This issue caused widespread concern after thalidomide-induced short-limb deformities in the world in the early 1960s. In recent decades, the mortality rate of birth defects has been on the rise due to the greatly reduced mortality rate of infectious diseases. Therefore, the study of birth defects and prevention and treatment work is very necessary. The main task of birth defects research is to explore a variety of teratogenic factors, to identify the baseline incidence of various deformities, and then it is effective for population monitoring, focusing on mother and child, in favor of early detection, early prevention, early treatment, to Improve the quality of the entire population. Because of birth defects, including stillbirths and miscarriages caused by various teratogenic factors, the only way is early prevention. For now, we should do the following: