论文部分内容阅读
在平常的阅读理解训练及考试中，我们常常会遇到科研发现类与新闻体裁类的文章，且几乎每篇这类文章必考主旨题。
一、科研发现类文章
短文特点：结构严谨，逻辑上条理清楚，思维上正确严密，但语言不够趣味形象，情节也不动人，句子结构较复杂，长难句较多。所以很多考生会因此而产生畏难心理，甚至放弃。但只要考生能掌握此类文章体裁特点和解题技巧，就能轻松解答。
解答技巧：该类文章属于解释说明类体裁。该类文章的写作目的就是介绍或者告诉读者所研究发现的现象或者事实，因此，主旨明确，主题句也通常在文章的第一段。考生在解答这类文章的时候，要着重关注第一段，这一段一般都会讲到研究者或科学家发现了什么，而这个发现与人们普遍认为的事实可能不一样，但却正是该文章的主旨大意。如：
(2010广东六校联考)Americans wear black for mourning while Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters while Chinese honor them as symbols of God. Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities ( 极性) with the West, as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. Now in the University of California, Berkeley, a psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures ——polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth.
55. The main idea of the passage is.
A. polarities between American and Chinese culture
B. priorities of American culture to Chinese
C. different attitudes towards the aged
D. different manners in social occasions
分析：这是文章的第一段，根据文章特点可以判断是科学研究发现类文章。在该段最后一句找到“研究专家发现了什么”：中美文化之间更深层的两级分化。故选答案A。
二、新闻报道类文章
短文特点：新闻报道的写作目的就是告诉读者发生了什么事。新闻报道由导言和正文组成。导言位于文章的第一段，简要告诉读者该篇报道的主要内容，如时间、地点、人物、发生了什么事、结果如何等等。正文则是对导言部分事件的进一步详细报导。
解答技巧：新闻报道的主旨通常在导言部分，因此，考生只要了解该段“谁或哪里发生了什么事情，结果怎么样”就能快速解答主旨或标题的题目。如：
The US lawmakers have had a hearing (听证会）to discuss how long makers of biological drugs should have an exclusive license (独家专利权) to make and sell the expensive medicines.
The passage is mainly about .
A. a discussion about how long biological drugs’ exclusivity should be
B. the FTC’s report about how long biological drugs’ exclusivity should be
C. a hearing discussing whether biological drugs should be replaced by generic versions.
D. the safety and effectiveness of biological drugs being discussed by US lawmakers
分析：这是一篇新闻报道文章的第一段，根据新闻报道的结构特点，其主旨大意就在第一段，可以判断答案A与该段中提到的主题一致。
又如：
Three Central Texas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safety’s Director’s Award in a Tuesday morning ceremony for their heroism in saving the victims of a two-car accident.
45. The passage is intended to.
A. show us how to assist traffic accident victims
B. report a terrible traffic accident on Highway 6
C. report three people awarded for their heroism
D. warn us of the danger of driving on the highway
分析：这是新闻文章的第一段，可以得知该新闻是“报道三个德克萨斯人因为英勇挽救了一次交通事故的受害者而受到了嘉奖”，故选C。
责任编校 蒋小青
一、科研发现类文章
短文特点：结构严谨，逻辑上条理清楚，思维上正确严密，但语言不够趣味形象，情节也不动人，句子结构较复杂，长难句较多。所以很多考生会因此而产生畏难心理，甚至放弃。但只要考生能掌握此类文章体裁特点和解题技巧，就能轻松解答。
解答技巧：该类文章属于解释说明类体裁。该类文章的写作目的就是介绍或者告诉读者所研究发现的现象或者事实，因此，主旨明确，主题句也通常在文章的第一段。考生在解答这类文章的时候，要着重关注第一段，这一段一般都会讲到研究者或科学家发现了什么，而这个发现与人们普遍认为的事实可能不一样，但却正是该文章的主旨大意。如：
(2010广东六校联考)Americans wear black for mourning while Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters while Chinese honor them as symbols of God. Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities ( 极性) with the West, as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. Now in the University of California, Berkeley, a psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures ——polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth.
55. The main idea of the passage is.
A. polarities between American and Chinese culture
B. priorities of American culture to Chinese
C. different attitudes towards the aged
D. different manners in social occasions
分析：这是文章的第一段，根据文章特点可以判断是科学研究发现类文章。在该段最后一句找到“研究专家发现了什么”：中美文化之间更深层的两级分化。故选答案A。
二、新闻报道类文章
短文特点：新闻报道的写作目的就是告诉读者发生了什么事。新闻报道由导言和正文组成。导言位于文章的第一段，简要告诉读者该篇报道的主要内容，如时间、地点、人物、发生了什么事、结果如何等等。正文则是对导言部分事件的进一步详细报导。
解答技巧：新闻报道的主旨通常在导言部分，因此，考生只要了解该段“谁或哪里发生了什么事情，结果怎么样”就能快速解答主旨或标题的题目。如：
The US lawmakers have had a hearing (听证会）to discuss how long makers of biological drugs should have an exclusive license (独家专利权) to make and sell the expensive medicines.
The passage is mainly about .
A. a discussion about how long biological drugs’ exclusivity should be
B. the FTC’s report about how long biological drugs’ exclusivity should be
C. a hearing discussing whether biological drugs should be replaced by generic versions.
D. the safety and effectiveness of biological drugs being discussed by US lawmakers
分析：这是一篇新闻报道文章的第一段，根据新闻报道的结构特点，其主旨大意就在第一段，可以判断答案A与该段中提到的主题一致。
又如：
Three Central Texas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safety’s Director’s Award in a Tuesday morning ceremony for their heroism in saving the victims of a two-car accident.
45. The passage is intended to.
A. show us how to assist traffic accident victims
B. report a terrible traffic accident on Highway 6
C. report three people awarded for their heroism
D. warn us of the danger of driving on the highway
分析：这是新闻文章的第一段，可以得知该新闻是“报道三个德克萨斯人因为英勇挽救了一次交通事故的受害者而受到了嘉奖”，故选C。
责任编校 蒋小青