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森林是陆地生态系统的主体,是人类赖以生存的自然环境,具有生态效益、经济效益和经济效益三大效益。近年来,人们对森林的生态效益普遍关注,有关生态环境、生态建设、生态效益等词汇频频出现,但是与森林的经济效益相比其生态效益显得比较抽象。森林既可以向社会提供大量的物质产品,保障社会经济的持续发展,同时又可以向社会提供良好的环境服务,以改善人类生存和生产条件。目前,已有一些地方根据市场经济原则,通过建立生态效益补偿制度,向直接受益者收取补偿费用,以解决森林经营管理经费不足的问题。
Forest is the main body of terrestrial ecosystem and the natural environment on which human beings depend for survival. It has the three major benefits of ecological benefits, economic benefits and economic benefits. In recent years, people have paid close attention to the ecological benefits of forests. Vocabularies such as ecological environment, ecological construction and ecological benefits have appeared frequently, but their ecological benefits are more abstract than the economic benefits of forests. Forests can provide large quantities of material products to society and ensure the sustainable development of society and economy. At the same time, forests can provide good environmental services to the community so as to improve human survival and production conditions. At present, some places have already set compensation rates for ecological benefits in accordance with the principle of market economy and charged the direct beneficiaries with compensation fees to solve the problem of insufficient funds for forest management.