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清末地主阶级改革派倡导的“借法自强”主张是对传统封建旧法的否定和对西方列强挑战的积极回应。它在鸦片战争后最初二十年 ,表现为“师夷之长技以制夷” ,主要内容是了解西方、学习西方和抵御西方 ;在 19世纪 6 0年以后体现为“中学为体 ,西学为用” ,即是以传统的君主专制制度和封建的伦理道德为主 ,以资本主义的科技发明为辅。地主阶级改革派将“借法自强”主张付诸实践经历了三个阶段 :两次鸦片战争期间了解、介绍和宣传西方阶段 ;19世纪 6 0年代初至 70年代创办军事工业以求“自强”阶段 ;19世纪 70年代至 90年代大力兴办民用工业以“求富”阶段。
The advocacy of “lending self-reliance” advocated by the landlord-class reformists in the late Qing Dynasty is a positive response to the negation of the traditional feudalism and the challenge to the Western powers. In the first two decades after the Opium War, it manifested as “mastering the barbarians’ ability to control the barbarians”. The main content of the Opium War was to understand the West, learn from the West and resist the West. After 60 years of the 19th century, “Middle School as a Body, Western Learning For use ”, that is, based on the traditional monarchy and feudal ethics, supplemented by the invention of capitalist science and technology. The landlord class reformists put the idea of “borrowing and self-reliance” into practice through three stages: understanding, introducing and propagating the Western stage during the two Opium Wars; establishing the military industry in the 1960s and 1970s in the hope of “self-improvement” Stage; from the 1870s to the 90s of the 20th century vigorously set up civilian industries to “seek wealth” stage.