论文部分内容阅读
本文认为,气候变化政策制定者必须对气候变化的伦理方面作出明确回应,这样才能确定一个国家或政府在面对人为的气候变暖问题时应当采取什么行动。因为气候变化具有一些其他环境问题所不具备的特征,这些特征要求政府本着对他国的道义和责任作出回应,而不是单纯根据一己的经济利益。本文描述持续了35年的气候变化问题争论是怎样一直集中在那些鼓励决策者无视伦理义务的议题之上的。这种争论中的气候变化政策反对者一直在说,气候变化政策的成本过高,气候变化影响没有科学确定性,任何主张都是以经济自利为前提,无视伦理义务。气候变化政策支持者作出回应时,也无视伦理问题。结果,在气候变化政策辩论中,政府减少气候变化威胁的伦理责任基本被忽视了。本文认为,各国必须对应当承担的伦理义务作出回应,否则国际社会就不可能形成解决气候变化问题的良策。本文还认为,理智的人可能在政府具体负有何种伦理义务的问题上意见不一,但对于应对气候变化而言,从气候变化的伦理维度获得牵引力的办法,就是通过伦理透镜来检视政府应对气候变化的具体措施,因为不少政府对气候问题采取的立场是经不起最低标准的伦理审查的。
This paper argues that climate change policymakers must respond explicitly to the ethical aspects of climate change in order to determine what action a country or government should take in response to man-made climate change. Because climate change has some of the features that other environmental problems do not have, these characteristics require the government to respond to the moral and responsibility of other countries rather than simply to their own economic interests. This article describes how the 35-year-long debate over climate change has been focused on issues that encourage policymakers to ignore ethical obligations. Opponents of climate change policy in such debates have always said that the cost of climate change policies is too high and the impact of climate change is not scientifically defensible. Any claim based on economic self-interest ignores ethical obligations. When climate change policy advocates respond, they also ignore ethical issues. As a result, the ethical responsibility of governments to reduce the threat of climate change has largely been ignored in the climate change policy debate. This paper argues that all countries must respond to the ethical obligations they should shoulder, otherwise the international community will not be able to form a good solution to the issue of climate change. The article also argues that sane people may disagree on what kind of ethical obligations the government has, but in terms of coping with climate change, the way to get traction from the ethical dimensions of climate change is to look at the government through ethical lenses Concrete measures to deal with climate change, because many governments take the position of the climate problem can not afford the lowest standards of ethical review.