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目的探讨煤炭企业管理者主要社会应激源状况。方法在开滦10万人口的总样本中,抽取比例为5%,即(10万人×5%=5000人),采用分层整群随机法确定管理者样本为1146人。以自制的“社会应激事件调查量表”(Cronbacn信度检验系数为0.98)调查管理者主要社会应激源。结果社会应激源的来源,企业经理、中层管理、一般管理居于首位的均是社会环境的改善;企业经理、中层管理居于第二位的均是工作压力,一般管理者居于第二位的是经济压力;企业经理、中层管理居于第三位的均是经济压力;一般管理者居于第三位的是工作压力。企业经理感受压力居首位的是社会环境,其次是工作压力,末位是家庭问题。中层管理感受压力居首位的亦是社会环境,其次是工作压力,末位是家庭问题。一般管理感受压力居首位的亦是社会环境,其次是经济压力,末位是家庭问题。结论管理者更易“先知先觉”企业和社会的变化情况。因各管理群体的社会角色和实践不同,他们对各压力因素的感受不同。各管理群体关注相对较少的第四位均是家庭生活问题。
Objective To explore the main social stressors of coal managers. Methods In the total sample of 100,000 population in Kailuan, the sampling rate was 5%, that is, (100,000 persons × 5% = 5,000 persons). The stratified cluster random method was used to determine the number of managers of 1146 persons. The main social stressors of managers were investigated with the self-made Social Stress Incidence Scale (Cronbach’s reliability coefficient 0.98). Results The sources of social stressors, corporate managers, middle management and general management ranked first in the improvement of social environment. The second highest among managers and middle management were working pressure, and the second highest among general managers was Economic pressure; business managers, middle management are in the third place are the economic pressure; general manager in third place is the work pressure. Corporate managers feel the pressure of top priority is the social environment, followed by work pressure, the bottom is the family issue. Middle-level management pressure is the top social environment, followed by work pressure, the bottom is the family issue. The general management pressure is also the social environment, followed by economic pressure, the bottom is the family issue. Conclusions Managers are more likely to be “prophetic leaders” of business and social changes. Because of the different social roles and practices of management groups, they feel different stressors. The fourth least concerned by management groups are all family life issues.