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目的了解五华县现阶段1~29岁人群乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染现状,评价乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫策略后的效果。方法 2014年10月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取五华县1~29岁常住人群进行血清流行病学调查,采集血样,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对标本进行HBV血清学标志物检测。结果调查1~29岁人群200人,HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率和HBV阳性率分别为7.50%、63.00%、18.00%和25.50%。1~岁组、5~岁组HBs Ag阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率和HBV阳性率低于15~29岁年龄组,1~岁组抗-HBs阳性率高于5~、15~29岁年龄组。与2006年五华县乙肝血清流行病学调查结果比较,<15岁人群HBs Ag阳性率、抗-HBc Ag阳性率下降明显。有乙肝疫苗接种史人群HBV阳性率(12.66%)低于无乙肝疫苗免疫史(84.62%)和免疫史不详人群(68.97%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=66.47,P<0.05)。调查人群中乙肝疫苗接种率为79.00%,1~岁组、5~岁组、15~29岁组接种率分别为100.00%、80.00%、48.28%,各年龄组接种率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=97.28,P<0.05)。结论五华县乙肝疫苗纳入免疫规划后效果显著,HBs Ag携带率和HBV流行率持续下降;持续保持较高的乙肝疫苗接种率,可以有效降低乙肝流行率。
Objective To understand the current status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in 1- 55-year-old population of Wuhua County and evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine in children’s immunization strategy. Methods In October 2014, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select the resident population of 1- 29 years old in Wuhua County for serological epidemiological investigation. Blood samples were taken and the serum samples were collected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Object detection. Results A total of 200 patients aged from 1 to 29 years were investigated. The positive rate of HBsAg, the positive rate of anti-HBs, the positive rate of anti-HBc and the positive rate of HBV were 7.50%, 63.00%, 18.00% and 25.50%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg, the positive rate of anti-HBc and the positive rate of HBV in the group of 1 ~ 5 years old were lower than those in the age group of 15 ~ 29 years. The positive rate of anti-HBs in 1 ~ Age group. Compared with the results of the epidemiological investigation of hepatitis B in Wuhua County in 2006, the positive rate of HBsAg and the positive rate of anti-HBcAg in <15-year-olds decreased significantly. The positive rate of HBV in the population with history of hepatitis B vaccination (12.66%) was lower than that without hepatitis B vaccine (84.62%) and unknown history of immunization (68.97%) (χ ~ 2 = 66.47, P <0.05) . The vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 79.00% in the surveyed population. The inoculation rates of 1 to 5 years old group, 15 to 29 years old group were 100.00%, 80.00% and 48.28% respectively, and the vaccination rates of all age groups were statistically significant ( χ ~ 2 = 97.28, P <0.05). Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccine in Wuhua County has a significant effect after being included in the immunization program. The carrying rate of HBsAg and the prevalence of HBV continue to decline. Continuing to maintain a high vaccination rate of hepatitis B can effectively reduce the prevalence of hepatitis B.