一、基本议题(一)问题所在现有环境法规的实施和执行存在缺口,这是许多国家环保法面临的严重问题。当然,这并非唯一的问题,“规范内容”的不足,即实体环保法设计上的不足是环保力度低下的另一个重要因素。环境法规的实施意味着通过行政法规和指南、许可程序、施行环境影响评估或复审以及环境规划,将法条的宽泛条款具体化。执行则是政府部门使企业遵守现有法规、满足环境许可附加的条件的过程。在理想世界里,企业会自觉遵守相应的环境法规。哪 I. Basic Issues (I) There is a gap in the implementation and enforcement of the existing environmental laws and regulations where the problem lies, which is a serious problem for environmental laws in many countries. Of course, this is not the only problem. The inadequacy of the “normative content”, that is, the design deficiencies of the entity’s environmental protection law, is another important factor in the under-protection of the environment. Enforcement of environmental laws means that the broad provisions of the law are codified through administrative regulations and guidelines, licensing procedures, implementation of environmental impact assessments or reviews, and environmental planning. Execution is the process by which government departments enable enterprises to comply with existing laws and regulations to meet the requirements of the environmental permit. In the ideal world, companies will consciously comply with the corresponding environmental laws and regulations. where