Drug abuse has spread quickly since reemerging as a national problem in China inthe late 1980s.The number of registered drug abusers increased from 70000 in1990 to more than one million by the end of 2004.In addition to opioids,abuse of“new”types of drugs including 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine(MDMA)and ketamine has spread since 1997.Illicit drug trafficking and production haveswept most of southern China,and throughout the country drug abuse has causedmany problems for both abusers and the community.One major drug-relatedproblem is the spread of HIV,which has caused major social and economic dam-age in China.In response,the Chinese government has begun an anti-drugcampaign,including legislative measures to control drug abuse.However,chang-ing the public’s attitudes toward drug abusers and breaking the link between druguse and HIV spread are equally important. Drug abuse has spread quickly since reemerging as a national problem in China inthe late 1980s.The number of registered drug abusers increased from 70,000 in1990 to more than one million by the end of 2004. In addition to opioids, abuse of “new” Types of drugs including 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ketamine has spread since 1997. Illicit drug trafficking and production have web of the most southern China, and throughout the country drug abuse has causedmany problems for both abusers and the community. One major drug- relatedproblem is the spread of HIV, which has caused major social and economic dam-age in China.In response, the Chinese government has begun an anti-drugcampaign, including legislative measures to control drug abuse. Host, chang-ing the public’s attitudes toward drug abusers and breaking the link between drug use and HIV spread are equally important.