我在汉堡市的四所中学进行汉语教学工作。其中,两所是文理中学,两所是实科中学。四所学校的硬件设施和条件差不多,不同的就是学生了。一般说来,在同等智商水平和学习环境下,文理中学的学生学习积极性和自主性都要高于实科中学的学生。当然这也不绝对,实科中学里也有学习能力和学习素质较高的学生。自主学习的能力虽然有高有低,但无论哪个学校的学生,上课举手发言都是必须的。在德国,一门课程的期末总分由60%的口头成绩和40%的笔试成绩组成。所谓口头成绩,就是指在课堂上举手发言和平时完成一些主题发言任务。所以一个在课堂上从来不开口的学生,就算笔试能考100分也只能拿40%,口头成绩就是零。这 I teach Chinese in four middle schools in Hamburg. Among them, two are liberal arts schools, two are real science schools. The hardware facilities and conditions of the four schools are similar, the difference is the students. In general, under the same level of IQ and learning environment, students in Wenli Middle School are more motivated and autonomous than those in real middle school students. Of course, this is not absolute, there are also high school students with learning ability and high quality of study. Although the ability of self-learning is high and low, no matter which school’s students speak in class and raise their hands, it is necessary. In Germany, the final total score for a course consists of 60% verbal grades and 40% written test scores. The so-called verbal grades, refers to raising class hands in peace talks to complete some of the key tasks. Therefore, a student who never speaks in class can only get 40% of his written test score of 100, and the verbal score is zero. This