“逆向选择”问题是今年诺贝尔经济学奖得主阿克洛夫在研究旧车市场时发现的。它具体指:在旧车市场上,由于买者不知道旧车的质量,只能以车的平均质量支付价格。这时,旧车质量高于平均质量的卖主将不愿出售车辆而退出交易,只有质量差的“劣车”才进入市场,这样买主愿意支付的价格将进一步降低。所以在旧车市场上,价格的降低会出现“劣车”驱逐好车的现象,最终导致市场的萎缩或消失。其实这一问题,在就业初期的青年求职者身上也时常发生。当企业招聘新员工时,因为不了解新到员工的能力,他将以劳动力市场上同一工种的一般工资招聘员工。录用后,企业发现能力高的员工就继续聘用或提升他们,同时不重用甚至辞退能力较差的员工。这就像上面提到的,卖主保留质量好的车子,而卖掉质量 The problem of “adverse selection” was discovered by Akerlof, a Nobel laureate in economics, who studied the used car market this year. It specifically refers to: in the old car market, because the buyer does not know the quality of used cars, only the average quality of the car to pay the price. At this moment, the seller with higher quality than the average quality of the used car will be reluctant to sell the vehicle to exit the trade, and only poor quality car will enter the market, so the price that the buyer is willing to pay will be further reduced. Therefore, in the old car market, the price will be reduced “bad car ” the phenomenon of driving a good car, eventually leading to market decline or disappear. In fact, this problem occurs frequently among young job seekers in the early stages of employment. When companies recruit new employees, they will recruit employees based on the average salary of the same job in the labor market because they do not know the capabilities of new arrivals. After hiring, employees who are found to have high capabilities continue to hire or upgrade them, while not reusing or even disqualifying their less capable employees. It is as mentioned above, the seller retains a good quality car, and sell the quality