户籍制度改革的本质是利益的重新分配以及利益主体的理性决策过程。在利益相关理论下,地方政府和农民可被视为基本的利益相关主体,中央政府则为规则制定者和监督者。户籍制度改革的困境在于,现有内外部环境下“理想的”户籍制度改革与地方政府利益诉求的冲突,而现行的转户政策无法满足农户的收益预期。以利益的调整分配为核心,要实现有效的户籍制度改革,首先是要承认地方政府和农民个体存在不同的利益诉求,其次是考察不同利益主体利益诉求之间的差距或者矛盾以及契合点,在此基础上通过顶层设计来调整户籍改革的激励和约束机制,促成地方政府和农民合作博弈的空间以形成多方共赢的改革局面。在此过程中,农民所被赋予的相关土地权益,以及农民作为生产者和消费者的双重身份,是其与地方政府利益诉求相契合的三个至关重要的方面,也是深化户籍制度改革重要突破点。 The essence of the reform of household registration system is the redistribution of benefits and the rational decision-making process of stakeholders. Under the theory of stakeholder, local governments and peasants can be regarded as basic stakeholders and the central government as rule-makers and supervisors. The predicament of the reform of the household registration system lies in the conflict between the reform of the “ideal” household registration system and the demands of the interests of local governments under the current internal and external environment. However, the current transfer policies can not meet the expected returns of farmers. To adjust the distribution of benefits as the core, to achieve an effective reform of the household registration system, the first is to recognize the different interests of local governments and peasants individual demands, followed by the investigation of different interests of the interests of the demands of the gap or conflict and the meeting point in Based on this, we can adjust the incentive and restraint mechanisms of household registration reform through the top-level design, and promote the space for cooperation between local governments and peasants to form a win-win situation of reform. In this process, the rights and interests of the peasants, as well as the peasants’ dual identities as producers and consumers, are the three most important aspects which are in line with the interest demands of local governments and also important to deepen the reform of the household registration system breaking point.