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The growth of Li dendrites and the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer during plating/stripping has hindered the practical application of high-energy-density batteries based on a lithium metal anode.Building a stable interfacial layer is effective in preventing lithium corrosion by the electrolyte and controlling the deposition of lithium metal.Here,we present a robust polydopamine-Cu ion (PDA-Cu2+)coating layer formed by the aggregation of nanoparticles and Cu ions,which can be obtained by a subtle immersion strategy.We demonstrate that the PDA-Cu2+ protective layer,with a unique structure comprising nanoparticles,can regulate and guide Li metal deposition,and together with Cu ions,forms a lubricating surface to facilitate uniform Li ion diffusion and induce stable SEI layer formation.Li anodes with this PDA-Cu2+ layer modification ultimately achieve higher Coulombic efficiencies,which are consistently stable for over 650 cycles at 0.5 mA·-2 without Li dendrites.The introduced PDA-Cu2+ coating can adhere to any material of any shape;additionally,the operation can be realized on a large scale because of its simplicity.These merits provide a promising approach for developing stable and safe lithium metal batteries.