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●阶段特征16世纪至19世纪初期,人类历史发生了重大转折,封建主义向资本主义过渡是这一时期历史发展的总趋势。但手工工场的生产力还不足以改变整个国内社会,也无力改变整个世界面貌。1．资本主义萌芽产生并迅速发展,资本主义生产处于工场手工业阶段。2．商品经济和资本主义的发展,促使西欧国家进行海外扩张和殖民争夺,为资本原始积累创造了条件。3．资本主义的发展反映在意识形态领域里,出现了文艺复兴、宗教改革和启蒙运动。4．早期资产阶级革命兴起,资本主义制度在荷、英、美、法等个别国家确立。5．资本主义发展推动了欧洲封建国家的改革,客观上促进了资本主义发展。6．殖民扩张与争夺给当地人民带来了灾难,导致了民族解放运动的兴起。民族解放运动在美洲兴起并取得胜利。
● Stage characteristics From the 16th century to the early 19th century, the history of mankind has undergone a major turning point, and the transition from feudalism to capitalism is the general trend of historical development during this period. However, the productivity of manual workshops is not enough to change the entire domestic society, and it is unable to change the entire world. 1. The sprout of capitalism emerged and developed rapidly, and capitalist production was in the handicraft industry. 2. The development of the commodity economy and capitalism has prompted Western European countries to carry out overseas expansion and colonial competition, creating conditions for the initial accumulation of capital. 3. The development of capitalism is reflected in the ideological realm. Renaissance, religious reform, and Enlightenment have emerged. 4. The rise of the early bourgeois revolution and the establishment of the capitalist system in individual countries such as the Netherlands, Britain, the United States, and France. 5. The development of capitalism promoted the reform of European feudal states and objectively promoted the development of capitalism. 6. Colonial expansion and scramble brought disaster to the local people and led to the rise of the national liberation movement. The national liberation movement rose in the Americas and won.