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“宏观比较文学”的功能之一,是对各国文学的民族特性进行比较研究与概括提炼。从这一角度观察俄罗斯文学,可以从已有的大量微观研究的成果中,将其总体特征概括提炼为三个方面:一,东方、西方的两面性格决定了俄罗斯人及俄罗斯文学的基本面貌;二、“人民性”与“沙皇情结”形成了俄罗斯文学中的悖论;三、政治迫害和东正教影响下的罪感心理、忏悔意识是俄罗斯文学的内在精神。这三个特征的概括有助于把握俄罗斯文学的民族特性,也可为俄罗斯文学与他国文学的宏观比较研究提供参照。
One of the functions of “macroscopic comparative literature” is to comparatively study and summarize the national characteristics of various nationalities. From this point of view, Russian literature can be summarized from three aspects of the general characteristics of the existing micro-studies: First, the two sides of the East and the West determine the basic features of Russians and Russian literature; Third, the political persecution and the guilt mentality under the influence of Orthodox Church, the consciousness of repentance is the inner spirit of Russian literature. Second, “people’s character” and “tsarist complex” form the paradox in Russian literature. The generalization of these three features helps to grasp the national identity of Russian literature, but also provides a reference for the macro comparative study of Russian literature and other countries’ literature.