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结构主义兴起于二十世纪,取代了其时正甚嚣尘上的存在主义,与现象学共同成为当今文学研究的两大思想流派。可以说,在对结构主义千姿百态的阐释中,有一点是十分肯定的,那就是结构主义应该源起于瑞典语言学家索绪尔对语言的研究。本文试从结构主义的起点即索绪尔的语言学四大原则来探讨结构主义对文学理论的影响,并从正反两方面对这一影响做出评价。
Structuralism, which emerged in the twentieth century, replaced the existentialism that was now rampant and became the two schools of thought in today’s literature with phenomenology. It can be said that one thing is quite certain in the interpretation of structuralism in different poses and with different attitudes. Structuralism should start from the study of language by the Swedish linguist Saussure. This article attempts to explore the impact of structuralism on literary theory from the four principles of Saussure’s linguistics, which are the starting point of structuralism, and evaluate the impact from both positive and negative aspects.