论文部分内容阅读
The Central Committee’s No. 1 Document for 2012 stresses great focus on farming technology and plans to increases financial expenditure on the improvement of agriculture, rural areas and farmers’ lives. The document also aims to improve conditions for farming technology innovation, facilitate seed technology innovation and agricultural mechanization. Insiders of the agricultural industry say that the birth of this document will greatly enhance developments of the seed industry and agricultural machinery.
Agricultural technology becomes a key word of this year
Agricultural technology has become the key words during recent agricultural developments. Chen Xiwen, director of the office for the CPC Central Committee’s Leading Group on Rural Work, emphasized on many different occasions that it is very difficult to increase the grain production simply through more material input. The importance is to make use of the available agricultural resources to accelerate institutional reform and self-innovation of the agricultural technology, and raise the contribution ratio of technology advancement on agricultural production.
On Dec. 26, 2011, the day before the Central Agricultural Working Meeting was held, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the “12th Five-Year Plan for the Farming Technology Development”, the significance of which is immensely profound.
The No. 1 Document states that to ensure the stable and sustainable development of agriculture, and adequate supply of agricultural products, the technology would be the fundamental way out. The farming technology constitutes the basis for national grain security and is the inevitable choice for removing the obstacles that fetter the resource and environment. It is the driving force that speeds up the building of modern agriculture, being distinguishingly characterized by its public service and social basic functions.
The development Chinese farming industry is in dire need of the technology support. The recent years have witnessed a worsening restraint on arable lands and water resources, as well as an increasing demand on grains and other major agricultural products, which posed heavy burdens on the agricultural development. In the long run, China will face a shrinking arable land, transfer of labor force, continuously high labor and agricultural production costs. Therefore it is very important to speed up the farming technology constructions.
Some experts say that the purpose of the farming technology innovation is to raise the farmland output capacity, resource utilization efficiency and labor productivity, and put an equal focus on raising productivity and efficiency, combine seed enhancement and planting method improvement, and agricultural machinery and farming process; the direction is to promote farming technology integration, mechanization of the working process and information-based production and operation, and create a technological system that enhances productivity, quality and efficiency, and protect the ecological environment and production security. The breakthrough point of technology innovation lies in the close attention to front-line technology, the satisfaction of industry
demands, as well as a combination of research and production. The research staff shall do their thesis papers during field practices and share the achieved accomplishments with common farmers, to close the gap between technology and real production.
Under resource constraint, the development of agricultural technology will first rely on the increase of production per unit. It is predicted that the seed and farming machinery industries will benefit from such a trend. Take corn for example, in the U.S. the corn yield per mu is about 6,000, while in China the best yield is about 4,200 and the average is 3,600, 60% of the U.S. average. Such a large gap could only be met through seed enhancement and improvement of the agricultural mechanization. Then the farming machines and the agricultural process, and the variety and technology could be combined. Therefore, it is very urgent to develop the agricultural technology based on seed enhancement and farming machinery.
Seed technology innovation might be the breakthrough point
China’s seed industry market is very large. Since China became a member country of WTO, the Chinese seed industry has undergone a rapid growth and its seed market has been expanding rapidly. The total production value of the seed industry has increased from 25 billion yuan in 2000 to 55 billion yuan in 2008. As the seed market becomes more mature and the industry further develops, the market value is expected to hit 100 billion yuan in the future.
The year 2011 marks a new milestone in the development of the seed industry. The State Council issued “the Opinion on Accelerating the Development of the Modern Seed Industry”, clarifying the strategic and important position and also the future development direction of the modern seed industry. The document also raised the development thoughts of “basing on corporations and integrating seed breeding and promotion.” The Chinese seed industry is embracing an unprecedented development opportunity.
Recently a series of policy measures have been made to bolster the seed industry development. The Ministry of Finance has agreed to set up a development fund for the seed industry; the State Administration of Taxation has made specific regulations on the exempt of the income tax of companies featuring “integration of seed breeding and promotion”; China Development Bank required all its branches to provide more funding support for the seed industry development; while the Agricultural Development Bank of China will provide benchmark interest rate service that favors the loans for seed purchases of related companies.
The “12th Five-Year Plan for Agricultural Technology” will have its main aim as “making breakthroughs in variety breeding with great application values and intellectual property rights, raising the core competency of the agricultural plants”. The plan will also stress great focus on “new variety nourishment” and encourage the expansion of seed companies with large scale, strong competitiveness and good growth prospect.
Researchers from securities trading companies say that the good seed subsidy and the increase of grain purchasing price have stimulated the growth of demand. On the one hand, the government is raising direct subsidy and good seed variety subsidy for farmers by a large margin. In 2003, the national government allocated 300 million yuan as good seed variety subsidy, while the subsidy has increased to 22 billion yuan in the year 2011, which lowers the costs for farmers.
On the other hand, the rise of grain purchasing price, especially those grain varieties specified by purchasing companies (the price will be 10-20% higher than normal price), which encourages farmers’ initiative of growing good seed varieties. As farmers tend to grow several widely promoted varieties, the seed products of competitive companies will meet a “demand-exceedsupply” situation, which would further lift the seed price.
The key to promoting the technology innovation of the seed industry is to making quick breakthrough in seed variety development and breeding a group of flagship companies with great competitiveness in the global market. The innovation of the seed industry technology lies in the support of seed companies featuring “integration of seed breeding and promotion”, and the quick establishment of a new commercial seed breeding system with companies as major subjects. The innovation shall make demands as its guidance, a particular variety as the basic unit, the
industry chain as its major vehicle, to let companies become the major players from R&D investment to result application. Under such a background, those flagship companies with great advantages in seed research and development, cooperation with research and scientific institutions and marketing.
The No. 1 document places farming technology on a corporate footing, optimizes distribution of seed companies, raises market access threshold and issues a series of policy measures that favor flagship companies. Experts in the field say that with the aim of “supporting the superior and the strong”, domestic listed companies that might benefit from such policies include: Longping High-tech, Denghai Seed, Fengle Seed, Quanyin High-tech, Dunhuang Seed, Dabeinong, Wanxiang Denong and Shennong Dafeng.
An era of mechanization for farming production
The No. 1 document also points out that to speed up the farming mechanization, it is necessary to expand the operation area and improve the services of agricultural machines. That is to say, progress has to be made in the number of agricultural machine application and also the level of technology.
The already publicized “12th FiveYear Plan” for agricultural machines also points out that as of 2015, the total output of agricultural machines will reach 1 billion kilowatt. The number of major agricultural machinery equipment has been increasing steadily, the structure is further improved and regional development more coordinated. Major bulk agricultural products, including grain, cotton, oilseed and sugar, have experienced a higher level of mechanization. And more than 60% of the fields have been planted by machines (52% at the end of eleventh fiveyear period). New breakthroughs have been achieved in rice transplanting and harvesting of corn, cotton, oilseed and sugarcane. The growth of major agricultural products has been fully mechanized and the mechanization of husbandry and aquiculture has improved markedly.
Statistics show that during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the revenue of China’s agricultural machine industry had increased from 112.98 to 265.56 billion yuan, increasing by 135% and the compound annual growth average reaching 18.6%; the operation profits had raised from 4.71 to 18.46 billion yuan, increasing by almost 300% and the compound annual growth average reaching 31.4%. Also at the same time, the mechanization rate of agricultural planting has for the first time surpassed 50%, hitting 52.3%, indicating that the machinebased production method has taken a major role in agricultural production and the Chinese agricultural production method is embracing an era of agricultural mechanization.
What’s more, the No. 1 document stresses emphasis on enhancing the promotion of agricultural technology, improving agricultural machinery promotion service, resolving the “last mile” problem and raising agricultural technology level. The document also calls for a further development of new agricultural social service organizations, to support agricultural cooperatives, supplying and marketing cooperatives, farming-related companies and agricultural professional service organizations. Industry experts say that in the A-share market, companies that promote agricultural machines include Shanghuilong Share and Jifeng Agricultural Machinery. Companies like these will have a bright future of growth.
Links
China’s 1st Policy Document in Review
Over the past eight years, this government policy document has been key in effecting reform and development of China’s expansive rural sector.
The No. 1 central document is the first policy document released by China’s central government, at the start of every year. But later, it became known as a policy guidance on architectural and rural issues. From 2004 to 2011, the document has placed emphasis on three major agricultural issues.
In 2004, the focus was increasing farmers’ incomes.
In 2005, the spotlight was placed on improving agricultural production capacity, as well as improving rural infrastructure and technology.
In 2006 the emphasis was on pushing forward rural areas towards a “new countryside scheme”.
In 2007 the focus evolved to the development of modern agriculture, in the technology and business model to improve production efficiency.
In 2008 the focus shifted to further consolidating infrastructure, but adding an item to improve the public service standard.
In 2009 the focus shifted to maintaining stable economic growth in rural areas; optimising production structure; and adding more investment. The document also emphasized the sufficient supply of primary agricultural products.
The 2010 no.1 central document further consolidated the previous year’s guidance. For the first time the document guaranteed the total amount of investment for agricultural issues, and ensured input proportions will improve steadily. Also, it was the first time the government decided to ensure no rural area would be left without financial services, and that more funds would be made available from agricultural banks for agricultural projects.
Last year was the first time the document focused on water conservancy and irrigation projects.
Agricultural technology becomes a key word of this year
Agricultural technology has become the key words during recent agricultural developments. Chen Xiwen, director of the office for the CPC Central Committee’s Leading Group on Rural Work, emphasized on many different occasions that it is very difficult to increase the grain production simply through more material input. The importance is to make use of the available agricultural resources to accelerate institutional reform and self-innovation of the agricultural technology, and raise the contribution ratio of technology advancement on agricultural production.
On Dec. 26, 2011, the day before the Central Agricultural Working Meeting was held, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the “12th Five-Year Plan for the Farming Technology Development”, the significance of which is immensely profound.
The No. 1 Document states that to ensure the stable and sustainable development of agriculture, and adequate supply of agricultural products, the technology would be the fundamental way out. The farming technology constitutes the basis for national grain security and is the inevitable choice for removing the obstacles that fetter the resource and environment. It is the driving force that speeds up the building of modern agriculture, being distinguishingly characterized by its public service and social basic functions.
The development Chinese farming industry is in dire need of the technology support. The recent years have witnessed a worsening restraint on arable lands and water resources, as well as an increasing demand on grains and other major agricultural products, which posed heavy burdens on the agricultural development. In the long run, China will face a shrinking arable land, transfer of labor force, continuously high labor and agricultural production costs. Therefore it is very important to speed up the farming technology constructions.
Some experts say that the purpose of the farming technology innovation is to raise the farmland output capacity, resource utilization efficiency and labor productivity, and put an equal focus on raising productivity and efficiency, combine seed enhancement and planting method improvement, and agricultural machinery and farming process; the direction is to promote farming technology integration, mechanization of the working process and information-based production and operation, and create a technological system that enhances productivity, quality and efficiency, and protect the ecological environment and production security. The breakthrough point of technology innovation lies in the close attention to front-line technology, the satisfaction of industry
demands, as well as a combination of research and production. The research staff shall do their thesis papers during field practices and share the achieved accomplishments with common farmers, to close the gap between technology and real production.
Under resource constraint, the development of agricultural technology will first rely on the increase of production per unit. It is predicted that the seed and farming machinery industries will benefit from such a trend. Take corn for example, in the U.S. the corn yield per mu is about 6,000, while in China the best yield is about 4,200 and the average is 3,600, 60% of the U.S. average. Such a large gap could only be met through seed enhancement and improvement of the agricultural mechanization. Then the farming machines and the agricultural process, and the variety and technology could be combined. Therefore, it is very urgent to develop the agricultural technology based on seed enhancement and farming machinery.
Seed technology innovation might be the breakthrough point
China’s seed industry market is very large. Since China became a member country of WTO, the Chinese seed industry has undergone a rapid growth and its seed market has been expanding rapidly. The total production value of the seed industry has increased from 25 billion yuan in 2000 to 55 billion yuan in 2008. As the seed market becomes more mature and the industry further develops, the market value is expected to hit 100 billion yuan in the future.
The year 2011 marks a new milestone in the development of the seed industry. The State Council issued “the Opinion on Accelerating the Development of the Modern Seed Industry”, clarifying the strategic and important position and also the future development direction of the modern seed industry. The document also raised the development thoughts of “basing on corporations and integrating seed breeding and promotion.” The Chinese seed industry is embracing an unprecedented development opportunity.
Recently a series of policy measures have been made to bolster the seed industry development. The Ministry of Finance has agreed to set up a development fund for the seed industry; the State Administration of Taxation has made specific regulations on the exempt of the income tax of companies featuring “integration of seed breeding and promotion”; China Development Bank required all its branches to provide more funding support for the seed industry development; while the Agricultural Development Bank of China will provide benchmark interest rate service that favors the loans for seed purchases of related companies.
The “12th Five-Year Plan for Agricultural Technology” will have its main aim as “making breakthroughs in variety breeding with great application values and intellectual property rights, raising the core competency of the agricultural plants”. The plan will also stress great focus on “new variety nourishment” and encourage the expansion of seed companies with large scale, strong competitiveness and good growth prospect.
Researchers from securities trading companies say that the good seed subsidy and the increase of grain purchasing price have stimulated the growth of demand. On the one hand, the government is raising direct subsidy and good seed variety subsidy for farmers by a large margin. In 2003, the national government allocated 300 million yuan as good seed variety subsidy, while the subsidy has increased to 22 billion yuan in the year 2011, which lowers the costs for farmers.
On the other hand, the rise of grain purchasing price, especially those grain varieties specified by purchasing companies (the price will be 10-20% higher than normal price), which encourages farmers’ initiative of growing good seed varieties. As farmers tend to grow several widely promoted varieties, the seed products of competitive companies will meet a “demand-exceedsupply” situation, which would further lift the seed price.
The key to promoting the technology innovation of the seed industry is to making quick breakthrough in seed variety development and breeding a group of flagship companies with great competitiveness in the global market. The innovation of the seed industry technology lies in the support of seed companies featuring “integration of seed breeding and promotion”, and the quick establishment of a new commercial seed breeding system with companies as major subjects. The innovation shall make demands as its guidance, a particular variety as the basic unit, the
industry chain as its major vehicle, to let companies become the major players from R&D investment to result application. Under such a background, those flagship companies with great advantages in seed research and development, cooperation with research and scientific institutions and marketing.
The No. 1 document places farming technology on a corporate footing, optimizes distribution of seed companies, raises market access threshold and issues a series of policy measures that favor flagship companies. Experts in the field say that with the aim of “supporting the superior and the strong”, domestic listed companies that might benefit from such policies include: Longping High-tech, Denghai Seed, Fengle Seed, Quanyin High-tech, Dunhuang Seed, Dabeinong, Wanxiang Denong and Shennong Dafeng.
An era of mechanization for farming production
The No. 1 document also points out that to speed up the farming mechanization, it is necessary to expand the operation area and improve the services of agricultural machines. That is to say, progress has to be made in the number of agricultural machine application and also the level of technology.
The already publicized “12th FiveYear Plan” for agricultural machines also points out that as of 2015, the total output of agricultural machines will reach 1 billion kilowatt. The number of major agricultural machinery equipment has been increasing steadily, the structure is further improved and regional development more coordinated. Major bulk agricultural products, including grain, cotton, oilseed and sugar, have experienced a higher level of mechanization. And more than 60% of the fields have been planted by machines (52% at the end of eleventh fiveyear period). New breakthroughs have been achieved in rice transplanting and harvesting of corn, cotton, oilseed and sugarcane. The growth of major agricultural products has been fully mechanized and the mechanization of husbandry and aquiculture has improved markedly.
Statistics show that during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the revenue of China’s agricultural machine industry had increased from 112.98 to 265.56 billion yuan, increasing by 135% and the compound annual growth average reaching 18.6%; the operation profits had raised from 4.71 to 18.46 billion yuan, increasing by almost 300% and the compound annual growth average reaching 31.4%. Also at the same time, the mechanization rate of agricultural planting has for the first time surpassed 50%, hitting 52.3%, indicating that the machinebased production method has taken a major role in agricultural production and the Chinese agricultural production method is embracing an era of agricultural mechanization.
What’s more, the No. 1 document stresses emphasis on enhancing the promotion of agricultural technology, improving agricultural machinery promotion service, resolving the “last mile” problem and raising agricultural technology level. The document also calls for a further development of new agricultural social service organizations, to support agricultural cooperatives, supplying and marketing cooperatives, farming-related companies and agricultural professional service organizations. Industry experts say that in the A-share market, companies that promote agricultural machines include Shanghuilong Share and Jifeng Agricultural Machinery. Companies like these will have a bright future of growth.
Links
China’s 1st Policy Document in Review
Over the past eight years, this government policy document has been key in effecting reform and development of China’s expansive rural sector.
The No. 1 central document is the first policy document released by China’s central government, at the start of every year. But later, it became known as a policy guidance on architectural and rural issues. From 2004 to 2011, the document has placed emphasis on three major agricultural issues.
In 2004, the focus was increasing farmers’ incomes.
In 2005, the spotlight was placed on improving agricultural production capacity, as well as improving rural infrastructure and technology.
In 2006 the emphasis was on pushing forward rural areas towards a “new countryside scheme”.
In 2007 the focus evolved to the development of modern agriculture, in the technology and business model to improve production efficiency.
In 2008 the focus shifted to further consolidating infrastructure, but adding an item to improve the public service standard.
In 2009 the focus shifted to maintaining stable economic growth in rural areas; optimising production structure; and adding more investment. The document also emphasized the sufficient supply of primary agricultural products.
The 2010 no.1 central document further consolidated the previous year’s guidance. For the first time the document guaranteed the total amount of investment for agricultural issues, and ensured input proportions will improve steadily. Also, it was the first time the government decided to ensure no rural area would be left without financial services, and that more funds would be made available from agricultural banks for agricultural projects.
Last year was the first time the document focused on water conservancy and irrigation projects.