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1999-2009年在洛阳孟津试验场内,设置深松覆盖、传统耕作(对照)2个处理,利用长期定位试验及气象观测设备,研究深松覆盖对旱地冬小麦产量及水分利用率的影响。结果表明:(1)豫西地区干旱程度正在加剧,年平均降雨量546.7mm,与常年平均相比减少了7.95%。(2)深松覆盖在所有年份均表现增产,10a间平均增产8.67%,增产幅度为4.9%～20.87%,干旱年份增产幅度更大。(3)深松覆盖能显著提高降水贮蓄率,10a间深松覆盖降水贮蓄率在37.5%～75.0%,平均54.9%,传统耕作降水贮藏率在22.9%～64.8%,平均46.2%,深松覆盖较传统耕作平均提高22.13%。(4)深松覆盖可有效提高土壤水分利用效率,干旱年份水分利用效率较高,提高的幅度更大,10a间降水利用效率平均提高4.73%。
In 1999-2009, two treatments of subsoiling and conventional tillage (control) were set up in Mengjin test site of Luoyang to study the effects of subsoiling on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in dryland with long-term experiment and meteorological observation equipment. The results show that: (1) The degree of aridity in western Henan is increasing, with an average annual rainfall of 546.7mm, a decrease of 7.95% compared with the average of the year. (2) Subsoiling coverage showed an increase in production in all years, with an average increase of 8.67% in 10a and a yield increase of 4.9% -20.87% in a decade and a further increase in drought in a year. (3) Subsoiling can significantly increase the precipitation saving rate. The saving rate of subsoiling covered precipitation in 10 days was 37.5% -75.0% with an average of 54.9%. The storage rate of traditional farming precipitation was 22.9% -64.8% with an average of 46.2% Subsoiling covered an average of 22.13% more than the traditional tillage. (4) Subsoiling can effectively improve soil water use efficiency. The water use efficiency in drought years is higher, and the increasing extent is larger. The average utilization efficiency of precipitation in the past 10 years is 4.73%.