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对耳石的形态学、发生学及病理学的研究已有近40年的历史,一致认为与平衡功能及其疾患有着密切联系。近年来扫描电镜研究对耳石的超微结构观察更为仔细,耳石病变常随年龄增长而加重,在各种致病因子作用下耳石的形态、成分均有明显变化。耳石的减少、缺乏或变性均可影响人的平衡功能。对于造成耳石疾患的原因、产生何种病理改变以及与功能障碍之间联系有待深入研究。
The history of otolith morphology, genesis and pathology has been nearly 40 years, and it is agreed that there is a close relationship between the balance function and its disorders. In recent years, scanning electron microscopy of the ultrastructure of the otolith more carefully observed, otolith disease often increase with age and aggravate, in a variety of causal factors under the otolith morphology, composition have significant changes. Otolith reduction, lack of or degeneration can affect people’s balance function. The causes of otolith disease, what pathological changes occur and the link between dysfunction needs further study.