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雌蕊发育是否正常直接关系到果树是否能够正常开花结实。果树中普遍存在雌蕊败育现象,其形式多样、机制复杂,研究果树雌蕊败育的分子调控机制、引起果树雌蕊败育的原因、克服果树雌蕊败育的有效途径对提高果树产量及果实品质具有重要意义。因此,自20世纪50年代,果树雌蕊败育研究一直备受关注,并已开展了大量工作。本文综述了国内外果树雌蕊败育的研究进展,从珠被发育异常、胚囊发育受阻、花柱结构异常、雌蕊分化进程停滞或迟缓四方面介绍果树雌蕊败育的形式,并从基因层面、生理生化及外部环境方面总结了引起果树雌蕊败育的可能原因及克服果树雌蕊败育的有效途径,分析国内外果树雌蕊败育研究存在的问题,展望雌蕊败育的研究前景。
Pistil development is directly related to whether the fruit trees can flowering and fruiting normally. The pistil abortion phenomenon is common in fruit trees. The forms of pistil abortion are complicated. The molecular mechanism of pistil abortion in fruit trees and the reasons of pistil abortion in fruit trees are studied. The effective ways to overcome the pistil abortion in fruit trees are to improve the yield and quality of fruit trees Significance. Therefore, research on pistil abortion of fruit trees has drawn much attention since the 1950s and a great deal of work has been done. This review summarizes the research progress of pistil abortion in fruit trees both at home and abroad. The pistil abortion form of fruit trees is introduced from four aspects: abnormal development of the abalone, blocked development of the embryo sac, abnormal structure of the pistil, stagnation or delay of pistil differentiation. Biochemical and external environment summarizes the possible causes of pistil abortion and fruit trees to overcome the pistil abortion of the effective way to analyze the pistil failure of fruit trees at home and abroad of the existing problems and prospects of research on pistil abortion prospects.