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一、熵概念1867年,德国物理学家克劳修斯(Clausius)在法兰克福举行的第41届德国自然科学家和医生代表大会上,提出熵的概念和宇宙的热寂说,引起人们的极大关注,从此“什么是熵”在科学史上引起了广泛的讨论.爱因斯坦(Einstein)说:熵理论对于整个科学来说是第一法则.所谓熵,是反映一个系统宏观态所具有的微观态数目或与热力学几率有关的物理量,它是系统无序性的量度.1865年克劳修斯在研究卡诺定理的基础上给出了克劳修斯不等式,从而引入了熵的数学表达式.1877年,渡尔兹曼(Boltzmann)从微观角度对熵加以诠注:发现状态函数 S 与系统宏观状态所对
I. THE CONCEPT OF ENTRANCE In 1867, Clausius, the German physicist, put forward the concept of entropy and the theory of the heat of silence in the 41st German Congress of Natural Scientists and Physicians, causing great people Since then, “what is entropy” has caused extensive discussion in the history of science.Einstein said: The theory of entropy is the first law for the whole science.Entropy is the reflection of a system macro state has The number of microscopic states or the physical quantity related to the thermodynamic probability, which is a measure of the disorder of the system. In 1865, Clausius gave the Clausius inequality on the basis of Carnot’s theorem, thus introducing the mathematics of entropy Expression. In 1877, Boltzmann interpreted entropy from a microscopic point of view: finding that the state function S is proportional to the system’s macroscopic state