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东非沿海地区是该区大多数国家经济发展的中心。伴随着资源的过度利用和广泛的贫穷,大量人口涌向沿海,人口不断地增长,加剧了沿海环境的恶化。在最近的10年里,该区实施了很多旨在提高沿海发展和管理的地方项目。本文对从这些项目中所得到的经验和教训进行了讨论。总的来说,这些项目取得成功的程度很复杂。把重点放在保护生物多样性上而忽略地方发展的那些项目通常只能取得短期的成功。一个重要的问题是:大多数的项目完全依赖于赞助商的支持,因而远远没有达到可持续发展。为了取得长期的成功,地方和国家的所有权很重要,还必须进一步地加强。法律和规章制度的结构还不完善,管理的力度还很弱。本文讨论支持沿海管理项目的研究和建立能力的必要性;监测和评价的作用,以及更好地交流的重要性,并提出了从有社区参与的项目得到的经验。文中指出,沿海管理者还没有充分认识到私营企业是引起该区沿海变化唯一的最重要的因素。总之,在过去10年里,从东非海岸带综合管理中得到的经验表明,直接以地方水平为目标的规划行动并与当地的股东们共同合作的项目有较高的成功率。
The East African coastal area is the center of economic development in most countries in the region. Accompanied by over-exploitation of resources and widespread poverty, large numbers of people are flocking to the coast and their population is constantly increasing, aggravating the deterioration of the coastal environment. In the last 10 years, the district has implemented many local projects aimed at improving coastal development and management. This article discusses the lessons learned from these projects. In general, the success of these projects is complex. Those projects that focus on biodiversity conservation while ignoring local development often have only short-term success. An important question is: Most projects are totally dependent on the support of the sponsors and therefore far from sustainable development. In order to achieve long-term success, local and national ownership is important and must be further strengthened. The structure of laws and regulations is still not perfect, and the management is still weak. This article discusses the need to support research and capacity-building in coastal management projects; the role of monitoring and evaluation, and the importance of better communication, and presents lessons learned from community-based projects. The paper points out that coastal managers have not yet fully realized that private-owned enterprises are the single most important factor that has caused coastal changes in the area. Overall, the experience gained from the integrated management of the East African coastal zone over the past 10 years shows that there is a high rate of success of projects that directly target local-level planning and work together with local stakeholders.