【背景材料】2004年诺贝尔化学奖得主阿龙·切哈诺沃、阿夫拉姆·赫什科和欧文·罗斯发现了泛素调节的蛋白质降解,即发现了一种蛋白质“死亡”的重要机理。20世纪70年代末80年代初,这3位科学家进行了一系列研究,证实了生物体内存在着两种蛋白质降解过程,一种是不需要能量的,比 [Background material] 2004 Nobel Laureates Alon Chejanovo, Avram Hirschko, and Irving Rose discovered ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, a discovery of a protein “death.” The important mechanism. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the three scientists conducted a series of studies and confirmed that there are two kinds of protein degradation processes in the organism. One is that it does not require energy.