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【Abstract】The paper focuses on culture shock in translation process. And it contains background of cross culture， culture shock， the shock in translation examples， and a conclusion.
【Key words】culture shock; languages; translation
【作者簡介】宋云青（1993-），女，汉族，四川绵阳人，宜宾学院，助教，翻译硕士，研究方向：翻译教学。
1. Introduction
Entering a foreign environment， persons’ emotion and cognition vary continuously. In the adaptation of new things， people will go through curiosity and happiness， then confusion and anxiety， finally acceptance. And in sojourning in a new environment， some persons adapt well in a short time， while some feel unaccommodated. This phenomenon is called “culture shock” （Oberg， 1960： 177-182）.
Due to the distinct culture and history background， there are many connotations and double meanings in respective expressions; culture shock also applies to translation in different language families. So a source language text can create a new environment for translators with the mother tongue， then the fresh conception and values brought by the source language cause culture shock to the translators. When the translators endeavor to interpret their mother language， they need to find out the adapting methods to solve the certain barriers in translation process.
2. The Definition of Culture shock and its U curve
The culture shock is ubiquitous to the transition period accompanied with worry and pressure in the early stage of adapting a new environment. And meanwhile the process of culture shock is inseparable from intercultural adaptation， which refers to the process of improve sojourners’ abilities of fitness， so that they can copy with the mismatches and incompatibility between the host culture and the culture of birth.
“Culture shock” was first used by Kalvero Oberg in 1960 to express the phenomenon of people’s anxiety and pressure in a totally new cultural environment. He defined this term as “anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse” （1960： 177）. A U-curve described the intercultural adaptation was used by Sverre Lysgaard， further studied by Oberg， Smalley and Morris with four stages.
Initially， the sojourners observe the external objects from own cultural perspective with freshness， also think all nice in the new environment. Then crisis period means that calming from the overexcited phrase sojourners facing real challenges have to be accustomed to foreign habits and values. So this period can be regarded as the real culture shock stage with curiosity replaced by isolation and alienation. Next， the recovery period comes into being. Trying efforts to deal with a long period of depression and confusion， sojourners begin to learn how to treat the negative and the positive in a balanced manner. Lastly the bicultural period means sojourners have acquired abilities to acclimatize themselves to the point of view and nonverbal behaviors in the new culture. And the well-developed autonomy offers sojourners capacity for dual cultural identity （William， 2007： 173，174）. 3. The Culture Shock in Translation Process
The translators often suffer from the culture shock， for this group always exposes themselves to the foreign culture. So the culture shock is applicable to translators. According to the second period of U curve model， translators confuse about the translating obstacles in cultural untranslatability.
3.1 Shock in English to Chinese Translation
Deriving from Anglo-Saxon language， English mixes with Germanic and Latin language， absorbing various expressions forms， reflecting much cultural and historical background. Hence， these elements lead to barriers for translators.
3.1.1 The Religion Area
Religion has deeply rooted in westerners’ culture， influenced their behaviors， and guided the literature trend. Among Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairytales， the Little Match Girl should be Andersen’s most classic work. In the ending， the little girl died and went to heaven. In western cognitive， the death is positive matter， a turning point from the life of temporary， limited， fleshy， sinful and restrained state to the eternal happiness in heaven （Hegel， 1979： 281）. So the girl’s death is regarded as releasing from the body. The story plot is easy to be translated into Chinese with the literal translating strategy， while the death awareness is unacceptable in China， where people consider death is a terrible and grievous matter so that can’t understand the death’s happiness in western. So in the Chinese translation version， this story has been comprehended as the evil capitalist society murdering the little girl， reflecting the superiority of socialist society. The misunderstanding is avoidable for the translators cannot make proper adjustment in source text influenced by western religious ideology.
3.1.2 The History Area
The historical events in culture have deeply taken roots in its languages， which cause tremendous barriers in translation practices. In English， “Waterloo” is from the battle in Waterloo; Napoleon with his French army fought the battle against England and Prussian but suffered the terrible defeat， ending his political carrier. For expressing the crushing defeat， the transliteration of “Waterloo” as “滑鐵卢” is understandable， because Waterloo are not located in China so its image bring a sense of foreign elements. In fact， the similar example in China was Guanyu， a general in Shu-Han dynasty， who failed battle in Maicheng city， so the Chinese idiom “败走麦城” is used to tell his experience. It can be seen that the two historical events have a resemblance and the two idioms have a similar meanings， therefore translators can use “败走麦城” to interpret
【Key words】culture shock; languages; translation
【作者簡介】宋云青（1993-），女，汉族，四川绵阳人，宜宾学院，助教，翻译硕士，研究方向：翻译教学。
1. Introduction
Entering a foreign environment， persons’ emotion and cognition vary continuously. In the adaptation of new things， people will go through curiosity and happiness， then confusion and anxiety， finally acceptance. And in sojourning in a new environment， some persons adapt well in a short time， while some feel unaccommodated. This phenomenon is called “culture shock” （Oberg， 1960： 177-182）.
Due to the distinct culture and history background， there are many connotations and double meanings in respective expressions; culture shock also applies to translation in different language families. So a source language text can create a new environment for translators with the mother tongue， then the fresh conception and values brought by the source language cause culture shock to the translators. When the translators endeavor to interpret their mother language， they need to find out the adapting methods to solve the certain barriers in translation process.
2. The Definition of Culture shock and its U curve
The culture shock is ubiquitous to the transition period accompanied with worry and pressure in the early stage of adapting a new environment. And meanwhile the process of culture shock is inseparable from intercultural adaptation， which refers to the process of improve sojourners’ abilities of fitness， so that they can copy with the mismatches and incompatibility between the host culture and the culture of birth.
“Culture shock” was first used by Kalvero Oberg in 1960 to express the phenomenon of people’s anxiety and pressure in a totally new cultural environment. He defined this term as “anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse” （1960： 177）. A U-curve described the intercultural adaptation was used by Sverre Lysgaard， further studied by Oberg， Smalley and Morris with four stages.
Initially， the sojourners observe the external objects from own cultural perspective with freshness， also think all nice in the new environment. Then crisis period means that calming from the overexcited phrase sojourners facing real challenges have to be accustomed to foreign habits and values. So this period can be regarded as the real culture shock stage with curiosity replaced by isolation and alienation. Next， the recovery period comes into being. Trying efforts to deal with a long period of depression and confusion， sojourners begin to learn how to treat the negative and the positive in a balanced manner. Lastly the bicultural period means sojourners have acquired abilities to acclimatize themselves to the point of view and nonverbal behaviors in the new culture. And the well-developed autonomy offers sojourners capacity for dual cultural identity （William， 2007： 173，174）. 3. The Culture Shock in Translation Process
The translators often suffer from the culture shock， for this group always exposes themselves to the foreign culture. So the culture shock is applicable to translators. According to the second period of U curve model， translators confuse about the translating obstacles in cultural untranslatability.
3.1 Shock in English to Chinese Translation
Deriving from Anglo-Saxon language， English mixes with Germanic and Latin language， absorbing various expressions forms， reflecting much cultural and historical background. Hence， these elements lead to barriers for translators.
3.1.1 The Religion Area
Religion has deeply rooted in westerners’ culture， influenced their behaviors， and guided the literature trend. Among Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairytales， the Little Match Girl should be Andersen’s most classic work. In the ending， the little girl died and went to heaven. In western cognitive， the death is positive matter， a turning point from the life of temporary， limited， fleshy， sinful and restrained state to the eternal happiness in heaven （Hegel， 1979： 281）. So the girl’s death is regarded as releasing from the body. The story plot is easy to be translated into Chinese with the literal translating strategy， while the death awareness is unacceptable in China， where people consider death is a terrible and grievous matter so that can’t understand the death’s happiness in western. So in the Chinese translation version， this story has been comprehended as the evil capitalist society murdering the little girl， reflecting the superiority of socialist society. The misunderstanding is avoidable for the translators cannot make proper adjustment in source text influenced by western religious ideology.
3.1.2 The History Area
The historical events in culture have deeply taken roots in its languages， which cause tremendous barriers in translation practices. In English， “Waterloo” is from the battle in Waterloo; Napoleon with his French army fought the battle against England and Prussian but suffered the terrible defeat， ending his political carrier. For expressing the crushing defeat， the transliteration of “Waterloo” as “滑鐵卢” is understandable， because Waterloo are not located in China so its image bring a sense of foreign elements. In fact， the similar example in China was Guanyu， a general in Shu-Han dynasty， who failed battle in Maicheng city， so the Chinese idiom “败走麦城” is used to tell his experience. It can be seen that the two historical events have a resemblance and the two idioms have a similar meanings， therefore translators can use “败走麦城” to interpret