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针对近年来积雪水文模拟研究的发展趋势,在简要评述积雪模拟基本方法的基础上,分别就各类方法的不同着眼点展开讨论,从模拟方案的简繁、积雪面积等重要状态变量在模型中如何体现等角度进行了叙述.针对我国青藏高原积雪特征,提炼出现阶段空间分布式积雪水文模拟中的3个关键问题:网格尺度积雪空间异质性的模拟、风吹雪的空间参数化、季节性冻土下垫面的融雪模拟.分别就这些问题,回溯了国内外最新研究进展,强调了发展积雪衰减曲线在网格尺度积雪模拟中的重要性,讨论了山区环境中具有操作性的风吹雪空间参数化方案,分析了冻土下垫面融雪研究存在的一些具体问题.
Aiming at the development trend of snow hydrology simulation in recent years, based on a brief review of the basic methods of snow accumulation simulation, the paper discusses different points of view of each method respectively. From the analysis of the important state variables How to embody in the model is described.According to the characteristics of snow cover in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, three key problems in the spatial-distributed snow hydrology simulation are extracted: the simulation of spatial heterogeneity of grid-scale snow cover, , And the snowmelt simulation of the seasonal frozen soil underlying surface.According to these problems, we retrospect the latest research progress both at home and abroad, emphasizing the importance of developing the snow attenuation curve in the grid-scale snow simulation, In the mountainous environment, there is an operational wind-blown snow space parameterization scheme, and some specific problems existing in the study of snowmelt on the underlying surface of frozen soil are analyzed.