成语是一种相沿习用、含义丰富、具有书面语色彩的固定短语(黄伯荣2011)。作为书面语,成语具有意义上整体性、结构上定型性的特点。“结构定型是成语的突出特点,它是指成语组合部分和组合顺序非常固定,一般不允许更动,不像惯用语、谚语、歇后语在结构方面尚有一定的灵活性”(郭伏良2011),但是在实际的语言运用中,成语不断发展变化,形、音、义等方面都会产生不同于固定格式的变体。恰当地运用成语能够极大地丰富汉语, An idiom is a fixed phrase with abusive abilities, rich meaning and written language (Huang Borong 2011). As a written language, idioms have the characteristics of integrality and structural stereotype. “Structural stereotypes are the salient features of idioms, which means that idioms are very fixed in the order and in the order of combination, and are generally not allowed to change. Unlike idioms, proverbs, and restless expressions have some structural flexibility” (Guo Fulin 2011 ), But in the actual use of language, idioms continue to evolve and change. Forms, sounds, and righteousnesses will all produce different forms from the fixed ones. Proper use of idioms can greatly enrich Chinese,